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1
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Angiotensin metabolism in rat stomach wall: prevalence of angiotensin-(1-7) formation

100%
Olszanecki R., Madej J., Suski M., Gebska A., Bujak-Gizycka B., Korbut R.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2009
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tom 60
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nr 1
191-196
Our view of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has changed over the past two decades: new metabolites and pathways have been described; also the importance of local renin-angiotensin systems became more clearly understood. However, there is relatively scarce information about formation and action of angiotensin peptides in gastrointestinal tract, especially in the stomach. Here, using LC-ESI-MS method we assessed the metabolism of Ang I in organ bath of rat stomach wall. Additionally we compared the expression of mRNA of angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE, ACE2) and neprilysin (NEP) in the stomach, aorta and renal artery in rats. Despite, similar levels of expression of ACE and ACE2 mRNA in stomach wall, aorta and renal artery, the absolute amounts of main Ang I metabolites produced by stomach wall (in ng/mg of dry tissue) were much lower than that produced by aorta and renal artery. Also, the pattern of angiotensin I metabolites was different: opposite to aorta and renal artery, incubation of Ang I with stomach wall fragments resulted in predominant formation of Ang-(1-7) and relatively lower production of Ang II. In stomach wall both, perindoprilat and tiorphan decreased production of Ang II, but did not influence generation of Ang-(1-7). In conclusion, we identified Ang-(1-7) as the main product of Ang I conversion in rat stomach wall. The biological role of prevalence of Ang-(1-7) formation in stomach require further investigation.
2
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Hypotensive function of the brain angiotensin-[1-7] in sprague dawley and renin transgenic rats

100%
Dobruch J., Paczwa P., Lon S., Khosla M. C., Szczepanska-Sadowska E.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2003
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tom 54
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nr 3
Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) is present in the brain of normotensive Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and its hypothalamic content is elevated in TGRmRen2(27) rats (TGR) with renin dependent transgenic hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of intrabrain Ang-(1-7) in the regulation of cardiovascular functions in SD and TGR rats under resting conditions and during haemodynamic challenge produced by rapid bleeding. Two groups of experiments were performed on conscious SD and TGR rats that were chronically instrumented with a lateral cerebral ventricle (LCV) cannula and an intraarterial catheter. Blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate period (Hp = distance between two systolic peaks) were continuously monitored: 1) under resting conditions during an LCV infusion of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF, 5µl/hr) or Ang-(1-7) in aCSF (100 pmol/5µl/hr), and 2) before and after haemorrhage performed during LCV infusion of either aCSF or Ang-(1-7) antagonist (A-779, 4nmol/5µl/hr). Cerebroventricular infusion of Ang-(1-7) did not affect baseline MAP in the SD rats but it caused a significant decrease in blood pressure in the TGR rats. In the control experiments, haemorrhage significantly reduced MAP in the SD and TGR rats and heart rate in the TGR rats. Cerebroventricular infusion of Ang-(1-7) antagonist eliminated posthaemorrhagic hypotension in both strains and bradycardia in the TGR rats. The results indicate that intrabrain Ang-(1-7) may contribute to posthaemorrhagic hypotension and bradycardia. Moreover, the manner in which it centrally regulates the cardiovascular functions in the SD and TGR rats may be considerably different.
3

Influence of myocardial infarction on changes in the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor in the rat prostate

80%
Piastowska-Ciesielska A. W., Drobnik J., Zarzynska J., Dominska K., Russell J. A., Ochedalski T.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
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2011
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tom 49
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nr 3
4
Content available remote

Neuropeptides in neurogenic disorders of the cardiovascular control

70%
Szczepanska-Sadowska E.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 11
31-53
Growing number of studies reveal that the brain neural network plays significant role in the short-term and long-term regulation of the cardiovascular functions. The neurons involved in the complex neurogenic control of the cardiovascular system use classical neurotransmitters and nonconventional mediators such as peptides (angiotensin II, vasopressin, natriuretic peptides, endothelins, opioids, cytokines), steroids, ouabaine-like factors and gaseous compounds. Among them the neuropeptides form a group of substances arising significant interest. Thanks to wide distribution of peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system, location of peptide receptors on neurons and glial cells, versatile but frequently overlapping mechanisms of activation of the intracellular processes the neuropeptides play significant role in short-term and long-term regulation of excitability and remodeling of the neurons. In several instances they modulate effects of the classical transmitting systems involved in regulation blood pressure, heart rate, water-electrolyte balance, metabolism, stress, pain, mood and memory. Prolonged activation or inhibition of specific neuropeptide pathways frequently results in long-lasting disorders of several regulatory systems. In this review this is exemplified by overactivity of angiotensin II, vasopressin and cytokines in the brain during hypertension, heart failure and stress. Multifarious actions of angiotensin II and vasopressin, and their mutual interaction with cytokines make of these neuropeptides excellent candidates for the compounds responsible for long-term resetting of the central cardiovascular control, and forming a link between the cardiovascular diseases, stress and mood disorders.
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