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The role of magnesium in the supposed mechanism of anaesthesia

100%

Kiss S. A., Galbacs Z., Galbacs G.

Journal of Elementology

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2006

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tom 11

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nr 4

The anaesthetic, narcotic effect of magnesium has been discussed since the publication of Meltzer-Auger (1906), but its mechanism has not been clarified. Since then, other investigations have also been performed, but none of the publications has explained the issue. We propose a mechanism analogous to the studies made by Feinstein (1964), who examined organic compounds showing anaesthetic effects. Our view is that magnesium abridges two phospholipids of the opposite sides of the membrane through their phosphate groups. This binding results in membrane rigidity, which makes the ion permeability provided by the ion channel and/or carrier decrease or discontinue, thus the halting of the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ion flow eventually causes an anaesthetic effect. Another possible pathway is that magnesium ions block the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor to control the ion channel, which also lowers the permeability of the membrane.

2

Response to 2-phenoxyethanol in juvenile Vimba vimba [L.]

100%

Kaminski R., Myszkowski L., Wolnicki J.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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2001

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tom 09

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nr 1

The anaesthetic effect of 2-phenoxyethanol onjuvenile Vimba vimba (L.) aged 38-179 days post-hatch (26-56 mm TL) was studied at 25°C. The concentration which anaesthetized 100% of the fish within 10 min without causing mortality after 15 min of exposure ranged from 0.35 g dm⁻³ to 0.48g dm⁻³ in 38 day-old vimba and from 0.33 g dm⁻³ to 0.43 g dm⁻³ in older fish. The induction and recovery times were shorter in the initial phase of vimba juvenile life than in older fish. In fish of the same age, induction time or recovery time did not depend on their size or condition (Fulton's coefficient). At 25°C, 2-phenoxyethanol at 0.40 g dm⁻³ may be used to efficiently and safely anaesthetize vimba juveniles.

3

Identification of greater occipital nerve landmarks for the treatment of occipital neuralgia

86%

Loukas M., El-Sedfy A., Tubbs R. S., Louis R. G. J., Wartmann C. T., Curry B., Jordan R.

Folia Morphologica

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2006

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tom 65

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nr 4

337-342

Important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache include the aponeurotic attachments of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles to the occipital bone. The greater occipital nerve (GON) can become entrapped as it passes through these aponeuroses, causing symptoms of occipital neuralgia. The aim of this study was to identify topographic landmarks for accurate identification of GON, which might facilitate its anaesthetic blockade. The course and distribution of GON and its relation to the aponeuroses of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis were examined in 100 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. In addition, the relative position of the nerve on a horizontal line between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process, as well as between the mastoid processes was measured. The greater occipital nerve was found bilaterally in all specimens. It was located at a mean distance of 3.8 cm (range 1.5–7.5 cm) lateral to a vertical line through the external occipital protuberance and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae 2–7. It was also located approximately 41% of the distance along the intermastoid line (medial to a mastoid process) and 22% of the distance between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process. The location of GON for anaesthesia or any other neurosurgical procedure has been established as one thumb’s breadth lateral to the external occipital protuberance (2 cm laterally) and approximately at the base of the thumb nail (2 cm inferior). This is the first study proposing the use of landmarks in relation to anthropometric measurements. On the basis of these observations we propose a target zone for local anaesthetic injection that is based on easily identifiable landmarks and suggest that injection at this target point could be of benefit in the relief of occipital neuralgia.

4

Influence of some biologically active agents on brain temperature sensitivity in the rabbit

86%

Yaitchnikov I. K., Borodin Y. S.

Acta Physiologica Polonica

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1990

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tom 41

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nr 7

5

Influence of different oxygen and nitrogen mixtures on the survival of worker bees after anesthesia with carbon dioxide

86%

Madras-Majewska B., Ochnio L., Ochnio M., Zajdel B., Kaminski Z., Ostaszewska T., Kamaszewski M.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2014

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tom 70

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nr 12

Bee anesthesia has long been widely used in scientific research and for practical purposes. Bee anesthesia is usually induced with carbon dioxide. It is required for such procedures as populating mating hives and cages, introducing queen bees and instrumental insemination. The oxygen to nitrogen ratio may play a very important role in the process of awakening. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the survival rate of worker bees after the application of different concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen in their recovery from anesthesia. The general purpose was to determine the optimal gas mixture for the fastest recovery and the longest survival of bees. The results of this study provide a basis for future experiments on queen bees aimed at accelerating the awakening from anesthesia with carbon dioxide during insemination as well as the initiation of laying eggs. The lowest bee mortality in the first days after awakening from anesthesia was observed in the group awoken in a mixture of 48.6% O₂ and 51.4% N₂, but the highest average survival rate was noted in the group awoken in 60% O₂ and 40% N₂.

6

Awareness of pregnant women about natural methods of anesthesia of sorts

86%

Goncharevich M., Sinitskaya N., Tishchenko E.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2016

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tom 10

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nr 3

Background. Today there is a set of pharmacological ways of pain relief at childbirth, but some women consciously choose natural anesthesia. It works for relaxation of the woman, and therefore they effectively relieve pain and restore forces. Material and methods. The objective of the research was studying of awareness of pregnant women at the age of 18 - 44 years about natural methods of labor pain relief and the efficiency of using these methods in order to decrease patrimonial pain. The patients were offered to answer on the short questionnaire which had been consisted of 14 open questions. Results. The most common methods of non-pharmacological analgesia and the results of their application for women during childbirth are considered on the basis of the survey highlights. Our studies indicate that natural methods of pain relief with proper and timely application of the women effective in reducing sensitivity to pain during labor, making labor more pleasant for the mother and has no adverse effects on the child. Conclusions. Today pregnant women are adequately informed with respect to the existing natural methods of pain relief in labor and they quite often use them in practice.

7

Comparison of the efficiency of anatomical and ultrasound-guided method for the Th4 –Th7 intercostal nerve block in dogs

86%

Trebacz P., Trebacz E., Jurka P., Galanty M.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2011

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tom 55

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nr 3

The aim of this study was the assessment of the usefulness of the ultrasound-guided method during injections into the Th₄- Th₇ intercostal nerve area in dogs, as well as comparison of the liquid deposition precision obtained using anatomical and ultrasound- guided methods. The study has been performed on fresh cadavers of 20 dogs. A mixture of black ink and iodinated contrast medium was injected. The procedure was performed by anatomical method at the right side and ultrasound-guided at the left side. Subsequently, thoracic radiograph in dorsal recumbency and post-mortem examination were performed. A spread of the contrast media mixture was assessed on radiographs and during post-mortem examinations. Eighty injections were done in 20 dogs with the use of each method. The assessment method of the accurate placement of the contrast medium mixture in the area of the intercostal nerve, based on X-ray examination, was consistent with necropsy findings. Probability of the precise liquid placement was two times greater in case of ultrasound-guided method than in case of anatomical one. These differences were statistically significant. Ultrasound viewing improved considerably the precision of injection of the contrast medium mixture in the area of intercostal nerves. This technique is simple and easy to master and it increases effectiveness and safety of performed procedures. The comparison of both methods on cadavers enables a choice of an appropriate anaesthesia technique in living animals.

8

F-actin disrupting agents affect the fluid-phase endocytosis of human skin fibroblasts in culture

86%

Michalik M., Wianecka-Skoczen M., Korohoda W.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2002

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tom 07

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nr Suppl.

9

Comparative study of midazolam-propofol and metamizole-propofol clinical effects in domestic pigeons

72%

Mousavi A., Abedi G., Jahandideh A., Hesaraki S.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2018

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tom 74

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nr 09

This study was conducted to determine the quality of anesthesia by evaluating the clinical effects of midazolam-propofol and metamizole-propofol on domestic pigeons (Columba livia). The aim of the study was to choose an appropriate injectable anesthetic protocol by utilizing midazolam and metamizole as pre-anesthetic drugs in order to reduce the dose of propofol and decrease side effects. Eighteen male pigeons weighing 304.2 ± 32.3 g (mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to three groups of six pigeons each. Midazolam (6 mg/kg/IM) and metamizole (500 mg/kg/IM) were used five minutes prior to administration of propofol (8 mg/kg/IV) in groups I and II, respectively, while the birds in group III (control group) received metamizole (500 mg/kg/IM). Five minutes after the last injection, clinical parameters of various systems were evaluated. Nervous system parameters declined in groups I and II, while reflexes could still be elicited in group III (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the heart rate, dysrhythmia, or gastrointestinal parameters in the three groups (P > 0.05). The birds in group II showed reduced jaw and limb muscle tone (P < 0.05). Corneal and palpebral reflexes were absent in groups I and II (P < 0.05). Both respiratory depth and pattern were irregular in group I, while all the parameters were normal in group II (P < 0.05). The respiratory rate decreased in all groups after injection, although this reduction was significant only in group I (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the combination of metamizole-propofol is safer and more compatible with the physiology of pigeons and can be used for short operations, especially when inhalation agents are contraindicated.

10

Perifocal and remote blood-brain barrier disruption in cortical photothrombotic ischemic lesion and its modulation by the choice of anesthesia

72%

Krysl D., Deykun K., Lambert L., Pokorny J., Mares J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2012

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tom 63

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nr 2

11

Effect of pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide (CO2) on various kinds of anesthesia during laparoscopic operations in dogs

72%

Brzeski W., Adamiak Z., Nowicki M., Jalynski M., Depta A., Nieradka R., Rychlik A., Nowicki M.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Veterinary Medicine

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2002

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tom 05

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nr 1

12

Airway management - a review of current methods, guidelines and equipment

72%

Bargiel D., Sejboth J., Jurkiewicz-Spiewak A., Szurlej D., Gurowiec P., Romanska A., Dabrowski M.

Medical Science Pulse

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2018

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tom 12

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nr 1

Maintaining airway patency is an essential issue in many fields of medicine. The modern approach to CPR, which focuses on maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation was finally established by Peter Safar in his book ABC of Resuscitation (1950). At present, along with the development of evidence-based medicine, techniques which are proven to be clinically effective are regularly published in a convenient form – as bundles and guidelines. Regarding airway management, ERC and DAS guidelines are the most reliable and useful sources of knowledge and practical clinical advice. Among the medical staff, there is emphasis put on the mastery of AB C techniques. Airway management is the first step in the resuscitation algorithm. It consists of a variety of procedures ranging from simple and non-invasive to more complex, requiring professional training and experience. Currently, the most clinically effective and life-saving actions are incorporated into whole procedures and bundles, such as ERC or DAS guidelines, which are evenly checked, evaluated and, eventually, modified. This method of regular revision allows us to keep all medical professionals at the same level of competence. The aim of the study was to describe basic and advanced techniques, methods, and devices which are currently used to provide it. Currently applicable guidelines regarding CPR and airway management were reviewed and summarized.

13

Safe and effective anaesthesiological protocols in domestic pig

72%

Mikolajczyk A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2016

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tom 55[2]

Safe and effective anaesthesiological protocols in domestic pig.The aim of this study was to establish a neuroleptanalgesic protocol anda general anaesthetic protocol in domestic pigs. The study was approved by approved by the Local Ethical Commission of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (the permit no. 73/2015). Fifteen juvenile female crossbred gilts were used. The drugs used in intramuscularly injection were: atropine (0.035 mg/kg b.w.), ketamine (7.0 mg/kg b.w.), medetomidine (0.063 mg/kg b.w.). The main anaesthetic drug, propofol, was given intravenously for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia. To achieve the adequate neuroleptanalgesia the animals required in intramuscular injection atropine, ketamine and medetomidine mixing in the same syringe. The average time from muscular injection to the point at which pigs remained laterally recumbent was 1.95 ± 0.72 min. The average time from muscular injection to the point at which pigs managed to stand in recovery was 75.80 ± 13.14 min. To achieve the general anaesthesia the pigs required atropine, ketamine, medetomidine and propofol. Premedication with mixture of atropine, ketamine and medetomidine was achieved rapidly after intramuscular injection. All pigs became recumbent within 1.20 ± 0.19 min without any signs of excitement. The average time from muscular injection to the point at which pigs remained laterally recumbent was 2.06 ± 0.67 min. The induction dose of propofol was 4.5 mg/kg b. w.. Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol 2.0 mg/kg b.w.. During the surgery no complications occurred intraoperatively concerning. Concluding the findings demonstrate that the proposed protocols permits to obtain a safe and effective neuroleptanalgesia and general anaesthesia in swine and can be useful in biomedical investigations. A short-lasting time for recumbency after intramuscularly injection of atropine, ketamine and medetomidine mixture injection can allow optimizing the workflow of clinical practice in a laboratory animal farm.

14

Evaluation of immobilizing methods for the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis [Milne-Edwards]

72%

Hajek G. J., Choczewski M., Dziaman R., Klyszejko B.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Fisheries

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2009

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tom 12

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nr 2

15

The effect of isotonic multiple electrolyte infusions during anesthesia on blood gas and enzymatic values in horses

72%

Stopyra A., Jalynski M., Sobiech P., Chyczewski M., Holak P., Lew M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 2

16

Intravenous midazolam as an induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia in dogs

72%

Cwiek A., Balicki I., Rozanska D.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2010

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tom 66

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nr 01

37-40

The aim of this study was to evaluate midazolam as an intravenous induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia in the routine castration of dogs. Investigations concerned the dose required for induction as well as its effects on the dog’s general condition, arterial blood gas and acid-base balance. A total of 24 male dogs of various breeds were studied, ranging in age from 1 to 11 years and in weight from 5 to 27 kg. Dogs were recruited at the Department and Clinics of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland. The dogs were premedicated intramuscularly with xylazine and atropine sulphate at dose rates of 2 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg respectively. Twenty minutes after premedication, midazolam was administered by intravenous infusion. Intravenous midazolam proved useful as an induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia. The dose used was dependent on the animal’s reaction. The induction of anaesthesia with midazolam was successful and enabled endotracheal intubation and inhalation anaesthesia with a halothane-oxygen mixture. The application of midazolam with halothane, however, led to transitory disturbances in systemic acid-base balance due to gas exchange abnormalities. The median effective dose of midazolam for the induction of anaesthesia was 0.46 mg/kg i.v. Postoperatively, a full recovery of consciousness and motor functions was rapidly achieved in all dogs. Further studies on midazolam as an intravenous induction agent for inhalation anaesthesia in the dog are warranted.

17

Effect of different oxygen and nitrogen ratios in bees awakened from carbon dioxide anesthesia on their behavior and survival after this exertion

72%

Madras-Majewska B., Kaminski Z., Balcerak M., Ochnio L.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2013

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tom 69

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nr 12

Carbon dioxide is commonly used to anesthetize the bee queen during instrumental insemination. It can be used both during the insemination procedure, and also to speed up the start of oviposition of instrumentally inseminated queen bees. Anesthesia is not indifferent to the bees’ condition and is unable to reduce the queen latency period to a similar duration as in naturally mated queens. Aside from experiments on bee queens research on worker bees is also conducted because of costs reduction as well as the fact that adverse effects of anesthesia are more pronounced in worker bees than in queens. Therefore the aim of this study carried out on worker bees is to determine the influence of different atmospheric compositions during their awakening from anesthesia. The study was conducted in 2008 in the apiary of the Apiculture Division of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. 3960 Carniolan bees at the age of 2 weeks were studied. All of the 10 bees placed in plastic mail cages were anaesthetized with carbon dioxide for 3 minutes and then awakened in a chamber with a controlled composition of the atmosphere. 33 repetitions were conducted, each of them included 6 groups of the following atmospheric compositions: 1. oxygen 100%; 2. nitrogen 100%; 3. oxygen/nitrogen 30%/70%; 4. oxygen/nitrogen 50%/50%; 5. oxygen/nitrogen 70%/30%; 6. control group, natural composition of atmospheric air. Awakening time was determined by first breathing movements observed and then upon their fully awakening. The awakening of bees after carbon dioxide anesthesia follows a different course in relation to the atmospheric composition during recovery. Awakening in a pure oxygen and pure nitrogen atmosphere significantly prolongs the time to the appearance of the first respiratory movements and the total time to full awakening of bees (in comparison to the control group). Awakening in an atmosphere composed of 70% of oxygen and 30% of nitrogen significantly reduces the time to the appearance of the first respiratory movements and the time of the full awakening of bees. The highest survival rate 14 days after awaking was found in group 5 (70% of oxygen and 30% of nitrogen). The shortest survival rate, (22 days), had bees that awakened in a pure nitrogen atmosphere.

18

Orexin A reverses propofol and thiopental induced cytoskeletal rearrangement in rat neurons

72%

Turina D., Gerhardsson H., Bjornstrom K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2014

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tom 65

|

nr 4

19

Haemodynamic consequences of immediate intra-anaesthesia application of intermittent positive pressure breathing in horses

72%

Ratajczak K., Kielbowicz Z.

Archivum Veterinarium Polonicum

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1995

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tom 35

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nr 1-2

20

Cardiopulmonary effects of acepromazine-ketamine administration in the sheep

72%

Baniadam A., Afshar F. S., Balani M. R. B.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2007

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tom 51

|

nr 1

The effects of acepromazine-ketamine on the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, blood gases, arterial blood pH, and temperature were investigated in six healthy sheep. Ketamine (11 mg/kg i.v.) was given 15 min after administration of acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg i.m.) A catheter was placed in the carotid artery for arterial blood sampling and recording of mean arterial blood pressure. All parameters were evaluated before the administration of acepromazine and at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min following the injection of ketamine. The arterial blood pressure was recorded in 30 s after the injection of ketamine as well. The heart rate decreased significantly at minutes 15, 30, 45, and 60. The mean arterial blood pressure declined significantly at 30 s and 45 min. The mean respiratory rate decreased significantly at 45 and 60 min. PaO₂ decreased significantly at 5, 15, and 45 min, and PaCO₂ increased at 5 min. The pH values decreased significantly at 5, 15, and 30 min. The body temperature decreased significantly at all points in time. The data showed that the combination of acepromazine-ketamine caused an inhibition of the cardiovascular system. This combination is responsible for little distributed ventilation, decreased PaO₂, increased PaCO₂, decreased pH values, and a declined in body temperature in the anaesthesia period in sheep.

Ograniczanie wyników

The role of magnesium in the supposed mechanism of anaesthesia

Response to 2-phenoxyethanol in juvenile Vimba vimba [L.]

Identification of greater occipital nerve landmarks for the treatment of occipital neuralgia