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Relatively low dispersion and intermediate mean values were obtained for 1000 grain weight. About half of the F₁ hybrids showed low level of heterosis. In Kranich, Salzmftnder and Zorba F₂ hybrids a great number of transgressive segregates occurs. Diallel analysis in the F₂ showed complete dominance and relationship between high 1000 grain weight and dominant genes. Wide range of values for grain falling number were obtained in parental lines and their F₁ and F₂ generations, indicating good chances of isolating desirable genotypes. Calculated coefficients of sedimentation were treated as negatively correlated with flour yield. On the basis of the coefficients the lines formed three groups. In the F₁ desirable negative heterosis occurred and many transgressive segregates were found in the F₂. Heritability estimates were low for the studied traits and ranged from 17 do 36%.
Diallel analysis of F₁ hybrids obtained from crossing two spring barley varieties /Aramir, Diva/ with four high- protein strains /CJ 3614, EP 79, Hor 2526, R 567/ is presented in the paper. Yield structure traits and the protein content in grain dry matter were investigated. By the respective calculations significance of variance of general and specific combining ability for all the traits tested has been proved. Complete dominance for 1000 grain weight and partial dominance for plant height and weight of grains per plant as well as prevalence of additive action of genes over dominance for ear length and protein content have been found.
The semi-diallel crossing of different lines derived from the following varieties and strains: Oregon 394, 642 Carsten 102, Мех x Мех, Atlas 66, Marksman, Kr 118/78, Arminda, Liwilla allowed to determine the action of genes responsible for 12 useful traits of F₁ hybrids of winter wheat. Among 12 estimated traits the epistasis was involved in heritability of all tests except for the plant height. That were Carston and Liwilla lines, in which no epistatic inheritance was observed. Upon eliminating the lines causing epistasis, different degrees of partial dominance of genes in inheritance of height and tillering of plants, lenght and compactness of ear, number of spikelets and grains per ear and per spikelet have been found. The weight of grains per ear, whole plant nad 1000 grain weight were governed by overdominance of genes. The dominant genes caused an increase of the number of grains per spikelet, the grain weight per ear and plant and the 1000 grain weight.
Five lines of spring «beat were crossed in a complete diallel design and then their analysis was performed after Hayman and Jinks. The lines were derived from the following spring wheat varieties: Azteca and Saric /Mexico/, Cesar /France/, Sharbati Sonera /India/ and 19395-USA /USA/. Plant height, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, 1000 grain weight and weight of grains per plant were analyzed. The plant height and the number of productive ears were determined by overdominance, whereas a high share of genetic additive variance was found in case of inheritance of the number of grains per ear and the 1000 grain weight.
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