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The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) provided a possibility to cure effectively patients with peptic ulcers. Recent studies have shown varying susceptibility of H. pylori strains to antibiotics and increasing resistance to some of the recommended drugs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the currently recommended eradication schemes and to assess the increasing resistance of H. pylori strains to recommended antibiotics. Furthermore, the effect of probiotics (Lacidofil) on the efficacy of first-line treatment with amoxicillin and clarithromycin was analyzed. The study population consisted of 641 patients: 192 received amoxicillin with clarithromycin and proton pump inhibitor (PPI), 241 - tetracycline, tinidazole, bismuth and PPI, 53 - amoxicillin with clarithromycin and PPI supplemented with Lacidofil. The efficacy of eradication treatment was evaluated by the 13C-urease breath test. The microbiological examination included 111 samples of H. pylori. The present study demonstrated low efficacy of the tetracycline, tinidazole, bismuth and PPI scheme i.e. 71.4%, moderate efficacy of the amoxicillin with clarithromycin and PPI scheme i.e. 85.9%, whereas the supplementation with Lacidofil significantly increased the efficacy of eradication to 94.3%. The microbiological examination revealed a relatively high level of primary resistance to clarithromycin (22.2%) and a high level to metronidazole (46.7%), with no resistance to amoxicillin. However, the most important finding is the high level of secondary resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole (more than 66% in both cases). The present findings suggest the need for modification of the recommended eradication schemes.
Due to the fastidious nature of B. henselae and the limited number of available isolates worldwide, there are few data on its in vitro susceptibility to antibiotics. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ten antimicrobial agents against 11 feline isolates of B. henselae by Etest method. The lowest MICs were obtained for rifampicin = 0.002 mg/L. MICs of all isolates were < 0.016 mg/L for ampicilin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline and ranged from 0.016 to 0.032 mg/L for azithromycin. The MICs for two tested fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin ranged from 0.016 to 0.125 mg/L. The highest MICs were obtained for gentamicin ranging from 0.025 to 2.0 mg/L. Sulphonamide resistance genes sul 1, sul 2, sul 3 were not found in any of the tested isolates. Etest methodology seems to be a reliable method for determination of B. henselae susceptibility, however standardization is strongly desired.
In the present work primary antimicrobial resistance was analyzed in clinical H. pylori strain isolates from adult patients from Polish Wielkopolska region within the last 10 years. Drug sensitivity was evaluated in a total of 142 H. pylori isolates, with 66 strains originating from years 1997/1998 forming group 1 and 76 strains isolated in 2007/2008 forming group 2. Sensitivity to amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole and clarithromycin was determined by E-test. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. On the other hand, a high proportion of strains resistant to metronidazole was determined (36.4% in group 1 and 44.7% in group 2). In parallel, a growing tendency was discovered for resistance to clarithromycin (9.1% strains resistant in group 1 and 18.4% isolates resistant in group 2). The studies confirm the need for monitoring the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains.
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