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Spatial variability of salinity and alkalinity is important for site-specific management since they are the most important factors influencing soil quality and agricultural production. Geostatistical methods provide a means to study the heterogeneous nature of spatial distributions of soil salinity and alkalinity. The present study was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of different spatial interpolation methods including kriging, cokriging and IDW methods for prediction of spatial distribution of salinity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in soils of Ziaran region in Qazvin province, Iran. The tracking of the soil profi les was done using a Garmin eTrex-H model global positioning system (GPS) receiver. Sampling was done with stratifi ed random method and sixty soil samples from 0 to 15 cm depth were collected. After data normalization, the variograms were developed. For selecting the best model for competing on experimental variograms, the lower RSS value was used. Experimental variograms were fitted to spherical and exponential models. The best model for interpretative was selected by means of cross validation and error evaluation methods, such as RMSE method. The sum of Ca2++ Mg2+ and Na+ concentration which were highly correlated with soil salinity and sodium adsorption ratio, respectively, are used as auxiliary parameters in this study. The results showed that kriging and cokriging methods were better than IDW method for prediction of EC and SAR. Finally, the soil EC and SAR maps were prepared, using different spatial interpolation methods in GIS environment.
For the period of 4 years, in quarter-time cycle, samples had been taken from surface microlayers and subsurface water of the lakes: Gardno, Jasień and Dołgie Wielkie, by two techniques (Garret net and glass plate). In each talked over layers we have analyzed contents of calcium, general alka-linity, conductance and water reaction (pH). We have also determined the ability of surface mi-crolayer to accumulate these components and we have compared it to subsurface water ability and verified whether this ability depends on the kind of the lake.
Miedwie Lake is the biggest post-glacial lake of the West-Pomeranian Voievodship. At the same time it is the fifth of the largest lakes in Poland. As regards the geographical situation, Miedwie Lake is situated centrally between three big agglomerations i.e. Szczecin, Stargard Szczecinski and Pyrzyce (Fig. 1). The lake lies on the territory of three municipalities: Pyrzyce and Warnice in the District of Pyrzyce as well as Stargard Szczecinski in the District of Stargard (Rozmiarek 1983, Szyper 1990). At the moment, the reservoir is characterised with the regular, prolonged shape resembling an ellipse. Banks are shallow, regular and sometime very wet. The lake has the belt of the nearshore reaching locally tens metres far from the lake bank, what is the reason, together with the fact that the wind blows always here, that it is convenient for practising the various kinds of water sports. The lake area amounts to 3 527 ha; maximal depth – 43.8 m; average depth – 19.3 m; water capacity – 681.7 mln m3; shore-line length – 38.8 km; water level datum 14.1 m above sea level; maximal width 3.16 km; maximal length 16.2 km. The lake’s bottom is the lowest situated area on the territory of Poland.
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