For the past several decades a gradual growth in the number of people suffering from diseases with an atopic background has been observed. This is mainly due to the fact that both the indoor and outdoor environment are becoming increasingly polluted. In the indoor environment, the most significant factors resulting in respiratory tract allergies are house dust mite and domestic animal allergens. The aim of this work was to determine whether there is a dependency between constant exposure to animals and development of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. In order to collect research material, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey was used. Altogether, 402 residents of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province participated in the studies: 272 people with diagnosed allergic disease and 130 without athopy features. Logistic regression proved that bronchial asthma development was determined by patients age, type of building they live in, exposure to cats, dogs, hamsters or farm animals during childhood. Whereas allergic rhinitis occurred depending on the place of residence, exposure to farm animals during childhood and having a dog as an adult.
There are presented the etiology and pathogenesis of house dust and house dust mite allergy. The house dust mite ecology, physicochemic and immunochemic properties of house dust mite allergens, methods of quantitating exposure to these allergens; the relationship between level of exposure, sensitization and disease, likewise avoidense measures for mite allergens in houses are described.
There has been a worldwide increase in the prevalence of allergy. Parasite infections may have a varied influence on the outcome of allergic reactions. Of particular interest is the possibility that helminth infections may lessen the intensity of allergy symptoms. This may occur due to the immune regulatory network evoked by helminthes decreasing allergy through the action of regulatory T lymphocytes and cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. The authors of the article discuss the latest research results in this field as well as laboratory studies describing the phenomena. The article also describes multiple mechanisms which may be utilized by helminths to mediate the suppression of allergy, and which involve regulatory lymphocytes and cytokines, helminthic molecules and polyclonal IgE.
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