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The evaluation concerned usable parts of dill plants, cultivars Amat, Ambrozja, and Lukullus, grown in five cycles. The dill was sown on 10th April, 10th May, 10th June, 10th July, and 10th August. Harvesting was carried out when the plants were 25 cm in height, i.e. within 36-45 days of sowing. The basic discriminants of the chemical composition were determined in leaves of dill alone and in those with petioles. Leaves of dill when compared with leaves with petioles contained far greater amounts of dry matter, total sugars, dietary fibre, and total and protein nitrogen, smaller differences concerning ash, titration acidity, reducing sugars, and starch.
Strict, three-year-long field experiment was performed on degraded Phaeozems, IIIb soil valuation class, with pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.1, of high richness in phosphorus and potassium, medium in magnesium, and low in sulphur. The experiment was carried out in a split-block design with two factors in four repetitions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of various doses of nitrogen (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg·haˉ¹ ) and sulphur (0, 20, and 60 kg·haˉ¹ ), taking into account their different application methods (in-soil and as foliar fertiliser), on the yield components of spring rapeseed cultivar Star. Fertilisation only with nitrogen significantly increased the values of all the studied components, while the sulphur-only fertilisation increased the number of seeds in siliques, as well as the mass of 1000 grains. The number of seeds per silique in none of the research years was significantly affected by the interaction between nitrogen and sulphur. As far as other characteristics are concerned, considering sulphur alongside nitrogen fertilisation, in general, resulted in a significant increase in their values, in comparison with the control plants.
The objective of this research project was to determine the impact of the cultivated crop plants, nitrogen fertilisation and sprinkling on the contents of microelements obtained from the DTPA extract. It was found that the bioavailable content of the microelements was determined by all the three factors, with the sprinkling affecting more conspicuously the content of iron, copper and zinc in the soil, while crop rotation exerted a distinctly stronger impact on content of manganese.
Spaghetti squash is an interesting novelty in Poland. Popularization of spaghetti squash cultivation in our country requires development of agricultural recommendations. The size and the quality of yield is highly affected by the sowing date and plant population. The paper presents the results of a four-year study on the effect of the sowing date (5, 15 and 25 May) and plant spacing (1 × 0.6 m, 1 × 0.8 m and 1 × 1 m, ie. 16,668, 12,500 and 10,000 plants per ha) on the yield of spaghetti squash (‘Makaronowa Warszawska’ and ‘Pyza’) under the soil and climatic conditions of central-eastern Poland. The highest yield per hectare and the largest number of marketable fruits per plant was obtained while sowing on 5 May. Delaying the sowing date resulted in a decrease in the yield per hectare and of the number of marketable fruits per plant, although the average weight of a marketable fruit sown on 15 and 25 May did not significantly differ in comparison to sowing on 5 May. Increasing the spacings between plants from 1 × 0.6 m to 1 × 1 m resulted in decreasing the yield per hectare, but the number of marketable fruits per plant was larger. Plant spacing did not have a significant effect on the average weight of a marketable fruit. The yield per hectare for the ‘Pyza’ was larger in comparison to the ‘Makaronowa Warszawska’. The number of marketable fruits per plant did not significantly differ, but the weight of the ‘Pyza’ fruit was higher.
The effect of botanical composition of winter grain (rye, triticale cv. Ugo, and trilicale cv. Almo) + hairy vetch mixtures and graded nitrogen fertilization levels on grain and seed yield, protein yield and its amino acid composition, was studied in the years 1990-1993. The nutritional value of protein was expressed by chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI). It was found that both chemical composition and nitrogen fertilization affected significantly yield and its composition. Increasing grain + seed and protein yield, and increasing actual contribution or vetch to the yield, led to an increased total amino acid content and higher EAAI of the mixtures Increasing nitrogen fertilization levels decreased a lysine content in the rye + vetch and the triticale (cv. Almo) + vetch mixtures. In contrast, a content of this amino acid in the triticale (cv. Ugo) + vetch mixture was increased. The weather affected significantly both yield and composition of the mixtures. The highest values or a total essential amino acid content and EAAI were obtained in the year 1991, and the lowest ones in the year 1993.
The amount and structure of spring barley yields were investigated in the years 1994 - 1996 at an experimental plot of Department of Crop Production situated in Prusy near Cracow. The response of spring barley (three cultivars) to nitrogen fertilization rates and rows spacing were tested. The optimum nitrogen rate as calculated in this manner is: 30 kg through the soil and 25 kg by foliar spray. It was found that cultivars sown on narrower spacing yielded the same like grown on wider space between rows. Yield components determining productivity of spring barley were analysed using the method of multiple correlation. Analysis of multiple correlation showed that grain yield was affected most of all by the number of ears per area unit and to lesser extent by the weight of 1,000 grains. Nitrogen fertilization rates (55 and 75 kg) effected on increase of culm length but ear length only on the 1st level.
Конечный эффект сопернического воздействия сорняков на культурные растения обусловлен м.пр. агротехническими факторами. Установлено, что в условиях небольшой степени засорения поля озимой пшеницы и озимой ржи высший уровень азотного удобрения ограничивает отрицательное влияние Арега spica-venti на урожаи указанных хлебных злаков, тогда как более густой посев оказывает благоприятное влияние только на урожайность озимой пшеницы.
W badaniach przedstawiono kształtowanie się wyróżników jakości ziarna pszenicy ozimej w zależności od jej udziału w zmianowaniu i poziomu agrotechniki. Wykazano, że przebieg warunków pogodowych w latach badań istotnie różnicował cechy technologiczne ziarna pszenicy ozimej, tj. zawartość białka ogółem, glutenu mokrego, wskaźnik sedymentacji Zeleny’ego, liczbę opadania oraz gęstość i wyrównanie ziarna. Z badanych czynników doświadczenia większy wpływ na cechy technologiczne ziarna wywarł poziom agrotechniki niż udział pszenicy ozimej w zmianowaniu. Intensywny poziom agrotechniki istotnie zwiększał zawartość białka ogółem i glutenu mokrego oraz wartość wskaźnika sedymentacji Zeleny’ego w ziarnie pszenicy ozimej, w stosunku do poziomu zminimalizowanego.
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