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Support and subsidies are aimed both at improving competitiveness and sustainability. However, in order to keep its competitiveness, the agricultural sector has to conform to ever stricter measures on environmental protection. The main aim is not to increase production at all costs; instead, the task is to create and run a sector that is multi-functional, sustainable and competitive. Producing plants for biofuel and organic production have been promising trends; however, largely due to plants grown as energy resources, there is a shortage of food, prices are increasing sharply, and experts and politicians in developing countries are warning that a severe food crisis is imminent. Organic production is a potential solution for small farms that are being left behind in the fierce competition. There is no danger of overproduction, less burden on the environment, and new possibilities on the market. Generally speaking, high competitiveness is related to relatively high incomes and high employment rates, which are not characteristic of the agricultural sector in Hungary. Nevertheless, agriculture could become a very competitive and efficient sector with a positive influence on environment protection and rural employment.
The objectives of this paper are: a) assemble baseline information on the current status and trends of New York State agribusiness economic activity, disaggregated by industry and agribusiness cluster sectors, b) estimate backward linkages and inter-industry relationships between food and agricultural production and other agribusiness industry clusters via the calculation of output multipliers, c) set the stage for continuing discussion of the challenges and opportunities for agribusiness development in New York State.
The objective of this study is to analyze the competitiveness through the prism of its theoretical background, methods of empirical estimation and influence factors. This paper contributes to the theoretical research on competitiveness not only by the synthesis of old and new writings as well as the findings of the exploratory studies, but also by concept synthesis of competitiveness. Since the concept of competitiveness can be reported to individual product/service, enterprise/farm, industry, economic sector, region, nation or international economic blocks, the attempts towards creating one common definition of competitiveness seem to be doomed to fail. Thus, our study does not answer the question which of the definitions proposed in the literature best capture commonly used notions of competitiveness, but our concern is about the ambiguity of those definitions which hampers the measurement and comparison of competitiveness. In order to mirror complexity of the aspects referring to the competitiveness we suggest using composite indicators to measure competitiveness. An important limitation of the empirical research on competitiveness is imperfect comparability of results across studies using different variables (features) describing competitiveness.
The aim of the article is to identify factors determining the development of vertical integration in agribusiness. The main focus of the study is placed on the meat industry. It describes important economic theories and conceptions which provide explanation of vertical integration processes in economy. Vertical integration is a method of exchange organization and it may result from problems with making transactions on the market or problems with contracting. The decision on whether to introduce vertical integration is influenced by many production, market and management factors. Uncertainty caused by technological changes and difficulties in coordination of sales among the stages of food supply chains have a considerable impact on vertical integration in agribusiness. Integrators in agribusiness are usually large food industry companies which benefit greatly from vertical integration.
The present paper presents selected issues concerning the realization of ecological investment projects in agribusiness enterprises. The study was conducted in January 2013 among 75 agribusiness companies in Pomorskie (Pomeranian) and Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavian-Pomeranian) provinces. A survey was used as a research tool. The research showed that companies often implemented a comprehensive investment, not only on one ecological aspect. The survey includes 75 agribusiness enterprises based in Pomorskie (Pomeranian) and Kujawsko-pomorskie (Kuyavian-Pomeranian) Provinces. Investments concerning the realization of innovative projects in the field of ecology serve environmental protection. Such investments ought to be carried out frequently since toxins emitted into the environment, water and soil cause environmental degradation. This applies particularly to industry, municipal services, agriculture, forestry, water management, energetics, transport and households.
Agribusiness is one of the most important sector in Economy. In Poland enterprises connected with agribusiness determine considerable part of GDP. Majority of agribusiness enterprises belong to small and medium size group. Thus, prosperity and efficiency of agribusiness in greater part depends on successful performance of small and medium enterprises, especially with regard to innovation. The paper presents situation of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in Mazovia with particular attention to innovativeness development. Based on research among 54 small and medium agribusiness enterprises, researched with questionnaire, general conclusions indicate that enterprises are willing to implement innovations, however knowledge about development possibilities is low. The paper argues that the level of innovativeness among analysed agribusiness enterprises is unsatisfactory
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The goal of the research was to present the role of investing in the agribusiness value chain as a factor impacting the change in the share of agriculture in GDP and, secondly, to show the dependencies between the share of the agricultural sector in GDP and the level of GDP per capita. In the article the authors drew attention to a potentially conflicting issue connected with the development of agriculture. On the one hand, investment in agribusiness and the rural sector contributes to the development of rural areas; on the other hand, countries with a large share of the agricultural sector in GDP have a much lower GDP per capita than countries with a low share of the agricultural sector in GDP. Therefore, it seems significant not to make investments only but to place them properly in the appropriate links of the agribusiness value chain. It could be better not to invest directly in agricultural areas, but in other agribusiness stages, decreasing the share of the agricultural sector in GDP. Increasing the share of the services and manufacturing sectors, which are directly or indirectly related to the agricultural sector can contribute to the decline in the share of agriculture in GDP. These changes can be made by re-training of persons connected with agriculture and searching for jobs for them in large urban areas or by enabling such persons to create jobs in the agriculture-related sector or by establishing non-agricultural companies in rural areas
Sustainable development in agriculture is associated with multifunction conception and environment and nature protection. Application of sensible methods of farming as good agriculture practices (GAP) and good environment practices may significantly support competitiveness in agribusiness. This application can be system ensuring by some certificated standard e.g. standard GLOBALGAP. The standard has been created in response to the demands of consumers, retailers and their global suppliers. This includes the requirements for safe food that is produced in accordance with worker's health, safety and welfare as well as animal welfare and also environmental issues. The aim of this paper is to introduce a project of Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague to foreign institution with experience in this field and to establish new relations with it.
We have examined some specific elements of the agrarian reform in Ukraine, especially its impact on the formation of favorable entrepreneurial environment. The comparative analysis has been held concerning the effectiveness of the agrarian reform in Ukraine and Czech Republic. We have demonstrated the influence of barter deals on the creation of „virtual economy" in the sphere of agribusiness.
The business experts could witness major changes in the targets of intemational Capital flow during the last two decades. The Central-Eastem European economic and social transition that was started in the early I990s has created good conditions for the intemational investments. The new target of foreign direct investments - besides the Asian regions - depended on the changes of political and economic system going on in the countries concerned. The different pace of changes and the privatization of state properties determined the share of individual countries from the capital import. The early eminent countries were replaced by new eminent ones, and the capital inflow replaced brown field investments - that dominated at the beginning - with green field investments. The paper examines the worldwide and regional tendencies of foreign direct investments of the I990’s and the 2000’s, the share of individual countries within the region as well as the changes in the sectoral distribution. Relations are searched for the changes of position of Hungary, as well as among the economic-social processes in the country.
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