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It was found that hyaluronic acid is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan (GAG) both in the umbilical cord arteries and in the umbilical cord veins. Chromatographic and as well as electrophoretic studies demonstrated that EPH-gestosis (Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension), the most common pathological syndrome occurring in pregnancy, is accompanied by premature replacement of hyaluronic acid by sulphated GAGs in the investigated arteries but not in the veins. Such a replacement is a characteristic feature of the ageing process. One may conclude that EPH-gestosis is associated with a "premature ageing" of the umbilical cord arterial walls. The mechanism and possible role of this phenomenon in pathology are discussed.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three aging processes (traditional dry aging, wet aging in vacuum shrink pack and dry aging in a highly moisture-permeable bag) in five aging times (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) for their effects on physical, chemical, microbial, histological, textural and sensory properties of beef Longissimus lumborum muscle from Holstein-Friesian steers. Longissimus lumborum muscles were aged dry (D), in a dry-aging bag (B) and a vacuum shrink pack (V) for 28 days at 0.5°C±0.5 with 80% humidity. An increase was observed in pH and TBARS values of all samples. All methods caused a decrease in the WBSF value. The decrease of WBSF was rapid until the 14th day. V samples had lower WBSF values in comparison with others. While the L*and a* values were similar on the 28th day in all groups, b* values were different (p<0.05). There were no significant effects of aging treatment on the sarcomere length on the 28th day (p>0.05). An increase was also observed in the numbers of the total viable count, total psychrophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and yeast-mold in all groups. B aging may have a positive effect on safety, quality, yield and shelf stability of aged-beef. V aging significantly improves both textural and sensory characteristics of meat. The most positive effect on flavor, juiciness, tenderness and overall like were observed in the V aged treatment on the 14th day of aging. The use of the vacuum shrink pack is considered to be an alternative packing material in the wet aging method to improve the physicochemical and sensory quality of beef.
The genetics of aging has made substantial strides in the past decade. This progress has been confined primarily to model organisms, such as filamentous fungi, yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and mice, in which some thirty-five genes that determine life span have been cloned. These genes encode a wide array of cellular functions, indicating that there must be multiple mechanisms of aging. Nevertheless, some generalizations are already beginning to emerge. It is now clear that there are at least four broad physiological processes that play a role in aging: metabolic control, resistance to stress, gene dysregulation, and genetic stability. The first two of these at least are common themes that connect aging in yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies, and this convergence extends to caloric restriction, which postpones senescence and increases life span in rodents. Many of the human homologs of the longevity genes found in model organisms have been identified. This will lead to their use as candidate human longevity genes in population genetic studies. The urgency for such studies is great: The population is graying, and this research holds the promise of improvement in the quality of the later years of life.
This paper presents an approach to the investigation of age-related morphological changes in the diploe of the human skull. Comparative investigations were performed on 10 dried skulls of young and old individuals. Computer tomography was employed followed by filtering of the digital images to visualise more details of the inner structure of the calvarial bones. As a result of our analysis, we concluded that the diploe of the young individuals was homogenous cancellous bone, which tightly fills the space between the outer and inner tables of the calvarial bones. The diploe of the older individual is more porous, showing a trace of sclerosis and with lacunas. Its texture is more scattered in the images and presents a higher level of degradation. The structural differences of the diploe in the skulls of older individuals can be due to a process of involution related to a diminishing of trabecular density in the cancellous bone. These processes are usually accompanied by fluctuations in the mineral components.
It has been shown previously that methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) applied in lanolin paste on the bottom surface of intact tulip leaves causes a rapid and intense its senescence. The aim of this work was to study the effect of JA-Me on free and bound fatty acid and sterol contents during tulip leaf senescence. The main free and bound fatty acids of tulip leaf, in decreasing order of their abundance, were linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and myristic acids. Only the ęontent of free linolenic acid decreased after treatment with JA-Me during visible stage of senescence. ß-Sitosterol (highest concentration), campesterol, stigmasterol and cholesterol were identified in tulip leaf. Methyl jasmonate evidently increased the level of ß-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol during induced senescence. It is suggested that the increase in sterol concentrations under the influence of methyl jasmonate induced changes in membrane fluidity and permeability, which may be responsible for senescence.
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Does melatonin play a role in aging processes?

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W doświadczeniach określono wpływ pożywki standardowo stosowanej do przedłużania trwałości kwiatów ciętych cytrynian 8-hydroksychinoliny + 2% sacharoza (8HQC + 2% S) oraz benzyloadeniny (BA) i kwasu giberelinowego (GA₃) na zawartość amoniaku i proliny w czasie starzenia ciętych liści funkii ‘Undulata Erromena’. Wykazano, iż w czasie starzenia ciętych liści tego gatunku, przetrzymywanych w wodzie destylowanej, następuje prawie 2,5-krotny wzrost zawartości amoniaku, który pociąga za sobą prawie proporcjonalny, bo 2,4-krotny wzrost poziomu proliny. Poziom obu komponentów w liściach funkii uzależniony był jednak od rodzaju zastosowanej substancji chemicznej. Wstawienie liści bezpośrednio po zbiorze do pożywki standardowej spowodowało 4-krotny wzrost poziomu amoniaku i prawie 3-krotny proliny w stosunku do stanu wyjściowego. Zastosowanie BA w formie 24-godzinnego kondycjonowania powstrzymało wzrost zawartości obu komponentów w ciętych liściach funkii, utrzymując ich zawartość na poziomie zbliżonym do wyjściowego. Zawartość amoniaku i proliny była istotnie wyższa przy zastosowaniu GA₃ niż BA.
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