The redox status of plasma thiols can be a diagnostic indicator of different pathological states. The aim of this study was to identify the age dependent changes in the plasma levels of total, free and protein bound glutathione, cysteine and homocysteine. The determination was conducted in plasma of three groups of rats: 1) young (3-month-old), 2) middle aged (19-month-old), and 3) old (31-month-old). Total levels of glutathione, cysteine and homocysteine and their respective free and protein-bound fractions decreased with age. The only exception was a rise in free homocysteine concentration in the middle group, which indicates a different pattern of transformations of this thiol in plasma. The drop in the level of protein-bound thiols suggests that the antioxidant capacity of plasma diminishes with age, which, consequently, leads to impaired protection of -SH groups through irreversible oxidation. The plasma sulfane sulfur level also declines with age, which means that aging is accompanied by inhibition of anaerobic sulfur metabolism.
The objective of the study was to assess the status of physical education at different levels of school education in rural and urban areas of Przemyśl County. The study included physical education teachers working in primary, middle and high schools. The analysis showed that most of the schools in the city have better conditions for the implementation of obligatory physical education classes. In addition, most teachers complain about conditions in schools. According to physical education teachers, combined classes, lack of equipment and appropriate sports base are the most common causes of making it impossible for them to accomplish the program of physical education in schools in the Przemyśl County.
An abundant resident in Israel, the Graceful Warbler breeds in the northern and central parts of the country and has recently invaded desert areas following their human settlement. Possible seasonal changes in age and sex structure were investigated, as were differences in body measurements in individual sex and age classes as well as changes in the numbers of the Graceful Warbler population in Eilat. No difference was recorded between spring and autumn in the proportion of males to females, nor were significant differences found in the numbers of males and females ringed during the spring and autumn seasons. There was a significant difference in the proportion of juvenile to adult birds trapped in spring and in autumn. Moreover, males had longer wings than females in both seasons. There were no differences in body mass or body condition between sexes in the two seasons. Furthermore, adults had longer wings than first-year birds. Juveniles had longer wings in autumn than in spring, but no differences were recorded in the adults in this respect. In addition, juveniles were in better condition in spring than in autumn; however, there was no difference in body condition of the adults between seasons. The fact that a significant trend was found in the numbers of Graceful Warblers trapped in spring but no such trend in autumn, that a large proportion of recaptured birds were noted in both seasons, and that a high number of individual birds were caught repeatedly during the study period, suggests the existence of a stable or increasing breeding population in Eilat all the year round. In addition, the Bird Sanctuary is like an oasis in the desert environs of Eilat. Hence, the lack of differences among the years in the proportions of males and females between the seasons suggests that it is mainly breeding pairs that occupy the area.
W pracy przedstawiono sytuację demograficzną na obszarach wiejskich na tle sytuacji w kraju. Posłużono się dostępnymi danymi Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Na podstawie zaobserwowanych zjawisk można dostrzec dokonujące się przeobrażenia demograficzne. Generalnie Polska jest w fazie długoterminowej stagnacji demograficznej. Obserwuje się dynamiczny proces starzenia się społeczeństwa.
The present work was aimed to obtain information about age-dependent changes of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH) in rat kidneys. In addition, protein-bound cysteine (PB-Cys), sulfane sulfur compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated. The results indicate that the activity of GGT and NPSH levels in the kidneys are reduced with age. At the same time, a significant increase in the level of protein-bound cysteine was observed. Simultaneously, the content of sulfane sulfur compounds was increased in the group of the oldest animals. These findings indicate that the capacity for extracellular glutathione degradation and, in consequence, the availability of cysteine for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis may be impaired. The increased PB-Cys level indicates potentiation of the thiolation reaction, i.e. development of protein-mixed disulfides. These results reveal age dependent disturbances in the thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the kidneys which leads to an imbalance between pro- and antioxidatory processes.
The three age groups of people from Warsaw: children, young adults and elderly people were examined for the prevalence of infection with Pneumocystis jirovecii. Nested PCR was used to amplify fragment of mitochondrial large subunit rRNA of the fungus in samples of oropharyngeal swabs. Nineteen (12.8%) of the 148 examined samples were positive for DNA of P. jirovecii. The samples collected from children were more often positive than the samples from young adults (p = 0.003) or from both groups of adults (p = 0.0029). Moreover, among adults (n = 99) proportion of infected women (n = 6; 12.5%) was significantly higher than men (n = 1; 2%). Results of the research confirm the high prevalence of Pneumocystis infection in children and indirectly point out to children as a possible source of infection for older people.
The aim of the study was to determine serum essential trace, macro and industrial element levels of Angora goats according to breed and age differences. Clinically healthy (ages 2-3 and 4-5) female Angora goats of two different breeds (Eskisehir and Lalahan) were used as material at the Lalahan Livestock Research Institute. Serum aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), boron (B), barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), indium (In), lead (Pb), lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sulfur (S), strontium (Sr), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn) were measured with an ICP-OES plasma optical atomic emission spectrometer. There were no statistically significant differences found in the different breeds and age groups
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