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This paper provides a criterion to determine the age of live Pyrenean desmans Galemys pyrenaicus (E. Geoffroy, 1811) by observing dental wear. The criterion is based on the comparison of the estimated age by examining the growth rings on dental sections and the wear observed on the upper canine tooth. Bone matter from different areas in the north of Spain was studied. This species has a high life expectancy. In its natural environment, the desman may live to be over 5 years old.
The dentine and cementum of the mammals exhibit incremental lines (IL) that may be seen as dark and light rings in properly prepared sections of teeth. Counting of IL provides a potential method to evaluate the absolute age of many wild species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate IL in small bat species and to test whether the number of IL is associated with the absolute age of bat when its minimal age was known based on ringing data. Teeth of 26 specimens of the following species were examined: Myotis daubentonii (n = 12), Barbastella barbastellus (n = 4), M. brandtii (n = 2), M. nattereri (n = 2), Pipistrellus nathusii (n = 2), Plecotus auritus (n = 2), M. dasycneme (n = 1), Vespertilio murinus (n = 1). Transverse morphological sections of canines, incisors and postcanine teeth were analysed by a light microscopy. In 4 cases, the minimal age of animals examined in this study was known. The IL were revealed in the dentine of 14 bats examined. The cementum of all animals was devoid of IL. The mean distance between the first and second juxtaposed IL of M. daubentonii was 3.2 ± 0.2 ^m, but it was significantly fewer among the subsequent adjacent lines. Due to a thinness of the IL, an accurate counting was considerably difficult in the canines containing more than 10 IL, as well as in the incisors and postcanine teeth with more than 3-6 IL. The IL of roots showed the most contrast, but they were almost obscured from view at the cingulum and crown. In bats of known-age, the numbers of IL were significantly lower than minimal age of those animals examined, and IL were either revealed only in certain teeth or absent entirely in all teeth. The present findings suggest that the number of the IL varies in different teeth and is strongly dependent on section level. Consequently, age determination in small bats using dental IL is doubtful and requires a reevaluation.
In the shrews Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 and S. minutus Linnaeus, 1766 a short period of fast post-natal development in the nest is followed by a longer summer period of developmental stasis and then by autumn regression. The aim of this paper has been to test whether this period of developmental stability also is accompanied by inhibited development of the eye lens - the most continuously growing organ of the mammalian body. If it is not, then can this be used as an age indicator in studies on shrews, and can it serve in distinguishing seasonal cohorts of young born in consecutive summer months? This aspect was examined on material comprising dead shrews collected from live traps and pitfalls set for rodent research in the marshy habitat of a river valley in Białowieża Forest, Poland, in 1997-1999. In fact, the eye lens in shrews was shown to increase in size continuously; therefore it may be used as a reliable age indicator. Body mass of weaned young shrews also continued to increase slowly with age until autumn. On the basis of the distribution of individuals in successive lens-mass classes, three age groups (cohorts) of young could be distinguished each season in the S. araneus popu­lation, and two in S. minutus. In the former species, consistent patterns to the relative abundance of the three seasonal cohorts were observed. The consequences of time of birth on individual fitness in Sorex shrews are discussed.
In this study the ages of Capoeta trutta (Heckel 1843) inhabiting Keban Dam Lake were determined from scales. The mean fork lengths determined using the back-calculation method were l₁=70.59, l₂=119.37, l₃=167.53, l₄=195.97, l₅=221.03, l₆=250.52, l₇=274.63 and l₈=300.38 mm for males, l₁=68.87, l₂ =117.03, l₃=166.34, l₄=203.91, l₅=230.17, l₆=248.20, l₇=267.98 and l₈=294.69 mm for females, l₁=63.45, l₂=105.92, l₃=151.54, l₄=188.20, l₅=212.33, l₆=245.05, l₇=270.85 and l₈=295.97 mm for all fish samples. The calculated length of any of the age groups was always smaller than the real length measured for the same age group. The gap between calculated and measured lengths increased when the scales of older fish were used in the calculations.
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