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Both the adrenergic and the cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have been found to be an important source of nerve fibres supplying the lungs. On the other hand, data regarding the innervation of the pulmonary tissue in breeding animals are surprisingly scarce. Therefore, in the present study noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive (AChE-positive) innervation of the lungs of sexually immature pigs was studied using histochemical methods. Studies were performed on six juvenile female pigs (aged 9 weeks, body weight 15–20 kg). Samples of the tissue were collected from the caudal lobe of the right lung. 10µm cryostat sections were processed for the sucrosepotassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid technique to determine the occurrence and distribution of noradrenergic nerve fibres, while AChE-positive nerves were detected according to the acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. The present results revealed a dense network of noradrenergic nerve fibres localised mainly in the muscular membrane surrounding the epithelium of the bronchuli while AChE- -positive nerve terminals supplied functional capillary vessels localised in the inter-alveolar septum and mucous membrane of the bronchi and bronchuli. The results of the present study confirm those of physiological experiments reporting the influence of the adrenergic and cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system on the lung functions of pigs.
The distribution, as well as the morphological characteristics of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres was studied in the pancreas of the hen and the cock. The presence of numerous adrenergic and moderately numerous cholinergic structures was revealed in the organ. They were seen as nerve fibre bundles or single nerve fibres located in the vicinity of blood vessels and exocrine ducts, as well as the cells of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Single TH- and ChAT-positive nerve cell bodies were also found in the organ under study.
This study investigated the influence of active immunisation against Gn-RH on adrenergic innervation of the porcine testis, epididymis and vas deferens. Seven groups of the boars were used including three control groups (n=9) Gl, G2 and G3 consisting of non-immunised animals aged 10,18 and 26 weeks, respectively, and four groups of immunised pigs (7-9 animals in each group). All the experimental boars (G4-G7) were immunised at the age of 10 weeks. Then, the animals from the two groups (G6, G7) were immunised again at age of 18 weeks. The vasa deferentia from the immunised pigs were collected at the age of 18 weeks (G4, immunised once) and at the age of 26 weeks (G5, immunised once, and two groups, G 6 and G7, immunised twice). Immunisation was accomplished by vaccination with GnRH using vaccine obtained from Peptech Animal Health, Australia. Tissue concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and double-immunolabellings for PGP 9.5, SNAP-25 and DßH were also performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous PGP- or SNAP-25-positive (+) nerve fibres supplying the organs. The vast majority of them contained also DßH. The study revealed a gradual age-dependent decrease in NA tissue concentration and a density of PGP 9.5+, SNAP-25+ and DßH+ innervation of the testis and epididymis in the control animals (G1-G3). However, in the effectively immunised animals (especially in the boars of G7 immunised twice), both NA tissue concentration and the density of the innervation were significantly higher than those found in the animals of the corresponding control groups. With regard to the vas deferens, no distinct differences in both NA tissue concentration and in a density of the innervation between the particular animal groups including those consisting of the control and immunised boars were observed. The results obtained strongly confirm previous suggestions on the existence of an inverse relationship between the nervous and hormonal systems at the level of the porcine testis.
The morphology and distribution of the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibres were described in the thyroid gland of the domestic hen. The adrenergic structures were visualised with glyoxylic acid and with immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the marker for adrenergic nerve structures. Cholinergic structures were visualised using the Karnovsky and Roots method. It was found that the thyroid gland is supplied with numerous adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres, which occur as small or large bundles or single nerve fibres. These were located around blood vessels, under the fibrous capsule and in the vicinity of secretory vesicles.
The morphological characteristics of adrenergic and cholinergic innervation are described in the vas deferens of the domestic fowl. Adrenergic innervation was much better developed than the cholinergic. Both types of nerve fibre were found in the muscular membrane, submucosal membrane and in the mucosa. The largest number of adrenergic nerve fibres was observed in the muscular membrane. These were less numerous in the submucosa, mucosa and in the wall of small blood vessels. The largest number of cholinergic nerve fibres was noted under the mucosa. Single cholinergic nerve fibres were seen to penetrate between the epithelial cells.
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