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In 2007 and 2008 studies aimed to determine the effect of preparation belonging to carbamate compounds (Pirimor 500 WG), organophosphorus compounds (Diazol 500 EW), and quinazolin compounds (Magus 200 SC), on the oxygen consumption rate by adult beetles Anoplotrupes stercorosus were performed. Experiments were carried out under diverse ambient temperatures (14, 19, 24 i 29°C) using two ways of intoxication – contact intoxication or intoxication by ingestion of the biocide. In control insects the ambient temperature affected the oxygen demand only to a small extent. Usually, insecticide preparations which were used, markedly potentiated the oxygen consumption. In those experimental groups significant increases of oxygen consumption as the effect of ambient temperature elevation were noted. The mode of the intoxication influenced oxygen consumption only very slightly. The highest values of oxygen consumption were noted in animals treated by contact intoxication.
This review presents different aspects of Varroa destructor resistance to most commonly used contact acaricides. It is concerned with (1) – genetic background of the mechanism of this resistance, (2) – phenomenon of cross-resistance, (3) spread of discussed resistance throughout Europe and North America, (4) – methods of combating varroa resistance. The authors conclude that a rapid and sensitive DNA based test, enabling early detection of varroa resistance to pyrethroids and other contact acaricides is urgently needed.
In the last year in apple orchards European red spider mite became an important pest difficult to control. The effectiveness of acaricides: Nissorun 050 EC, Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Omite 570 EW, Pennstyl 600 SC, Envidor 240 SC in controlling European red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) was evaluated in two apple orchards in 2009. In both orchards a very good efficacy in controlling this mite showed: Omite 570 EW, Pennstyl 600 SC and Envidor 240 SC. Low effectiveness was obtained with: Ortus 05 SC, Magus 200 SC and Nissorun 050 EC. European red spider mites were sampled in four orchards. In laboratory conditions they were treated with Apollo Plus 060 OF and Sanmite 20 WP for evaluating the control activity of these acaricides. They showed a low efficacy in controlling all of the treated populations. The research showed the presence of P. ulmi strains resistant to Meti-acaricides (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor) – Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Sanmite 20 WP and mite growth inhibitors – Apollo Plus 060 OF, Nissorun 050 EC.
The strawberry mite (Phytonemus pallidus) is a very important pest of strawberry in Poland. The pest feeds on the smallest, young folded leaves, flower buds and flowers. Plants heavily infested with mites become severely stunted and crinkled, resulting in changes in fruit size and quality. The pest easily spreads on plantation with strawberry seedlings. P. pallidus has to be control on many strawberry plantations however, its controls is very difficult due to the lack of registered products. Recently there was only one acaricide permitted on strawberry. The aim of these trials was to evaluate the effectiveness of fenpyroximate (Ortus 05 SC) against the strawberry mite. Ortus 05 SC at the rate of 1.25 and 1.5 l/ha as well as Ortus 05 SC (1.125 l/ha) + Slippa (0.2 l/ha) was applied twice with one week interval after strawberry harvest and it gave average level of the control (about 80%). Ortus 05 SC used at the rate 1.0 l/ha gave lower efficacy (30%), especially on heavily infested plantation. In 2013 Ortus 05 SC was registered for control of the strawberry mite in Poland and may be use once during a vegetation season.
Two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae, Koch) is one of important apple orchards pest. Some of the commonly used acaricides against motil stages of this pest are those from the METI group (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the phenomenon of resistance in apple orchards in Poland. The mites collected in orchards located in different regions of country were tested in laboratory with registered compounds belonging to the METI acaricides (Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Sanmite 20 WP). Some of the tested populations were characterized by a high resistance, comparable with the resistance of individuals from laboratory breeding resistant strain Akita.
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