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Based on many studies and experiments one can say that biologically and economically hymenopteran parasitoids are very important group of insects. Many part of economic entomologists do agree that parasitoids – along with other entomophagous organisms play crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of biocenosis. An exact knowledge of this insect group may thus constitute a base for their applying also in more specific environments, like agrocenosis. The research on the role of parasitoid and their utilizing is not too popular, in comparison with the multiplicity of their species. So, in this paper there are shown some examples of effectiveness of some parasitoid species in reduction of some important pests occurring in fruit orchards and some others crops. In my own investigations conducted in 1981–1987 in the habitat of apple orchards, I recorded the occurrence of 206 parasitoid species of 21 families, whereas in habitats surroundings orchards 390 species of 19 families were found. So, without doubt parasitoids could play on important role in the integrated pest control.
Dokonano selekcji oraz doboru odpowiednich szczepów grzyba Paecilomyces farinosus zdolnych do porażania prusaków (Blattella germanica L,). Badania prowadzono na prusakach dojrzałych, zróżnicowanych pod względem wieku i płci. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na zróżnicowany charakter patogeniczności testowanych szczepów w stosunku do badanych populacji prusaków. Do szczepów mogących posłużyć do zwalczania prusaków zaliczono szczepy 5, Ł i P grzyba P. farinosus, które przy stosunkowo niskiej gęstości zarodników powodowały wysoką śmiertelność u doświadczalnych owadów.
Pot experiments were carried out in 2008 and 2009. Into the soil were introduced microorganisms: Heterodera schachtii (10 or 5 cysts in 100 g of soil) and Penicillium frequentans. The following parameters were taken into account in interpretation of the experiment: concentration of H. schachtii cysts in 100 g of soil, concentration of eggs and larvae in 1g of soil and fertility of females. The research was carried out in accordance with the rules adopted in nematology.
The aim of the work was to estimate the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis MPU B9 spore-free preparation of crystals against Leucoma salicis caterpillars (willow and poplar pest). The results revealed a high biological activity of B. thuringiensis MPU B9 crystals towards L. salicis larvae. This may be caused by production of numerous, different crystalline proteins by the MPU B9 isolate. The high value of insecticidal activity make this strain a promising candidate for future research on a new efficient preparation against plant pests.
The aim of the presented research was to determine how water extracts obtained from Medicago sativa herbage, Carum carvi fruits, Glycine max seeds, Phaseolus vulgaris pericarp and Morus alba leaves affect grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) beetles. It was found that the plant water extracts tested demonstrated a varied effect on grain weevil beetles. The strongest repellent effect, in place throughout the observation period, was reported for soybean extract. A similar repellent activity yet increasing with time, was reported in the case of white mulberry extract. The weakest effect was recorded for alfalfa herbage extract.
In 2007–2009, studies on the number of pear sucker and its parasitization degree by the hymenopteran Sectiliclava cleone were carried out on two plots of pear orchard, differing in terms of applied protection strategy (without and with insecticide treatment). The presence of parasitoids was only recorded in case of single insect pests from the summer generations. A parasitization degree of wintering insects was higher in the plot without insecticide treatment comparing to the one with chemical protection (5 insecticide treatments during a season). After the first season the presence of the parasitoids in host’s abdomines was stated in 22–67% of female and 9–37% of male pear suckers on the first plot, and 3–14% of female and 2–15% of male pests on treated plots. After the second season, the percentage values were higher and amounted to 32–60% for female and 20–30% for male pear suckers in the untreated plot, and 16–26% of female and 6–14% of male pests on the second plot, depending on the date of spring observations. The number of the pest on both experimental plots varied in subsequent years and insect generations. In general, pear suker occurred at a low intensity, causing no visible damage. After the first season the number of wintering pest on untreated plot was initially twice higher, however, after overwintering it lowered 1.5 times comparing to treated plot. Following the second year of research, the number of pests from the summer generation was 3–4 times higher. The number of wintering insects on untreated plot was 5 times lower comparing to treated plot. In the last season (2009) on untreated plot the number of individuals shaked off from 25 branches amounted to 12.2 and 193.6 respectively during the spring and autumn. On treated plot with insecticides, the number of pests shaked off from 25 branches varied on average 40.6 in the spring and 65.4 in autumn.
The research on results of chemical control of thrips (Thysanoptera) took place in Krzeczowice near Przeworsk in 2008–2009. The seed dressings used were: Gaucho 600 FS (imidacloprid), Mesurol 500 FS (methiocarb) and Poncho 600 FS (clothianidin). They effectively protected maize plants against thrips feeding for a period of about 10 weeks from sowing. Chemical control of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.), performed in the first and second decade of July using formulations Karate Zeon 050 CS (lambda-cyhalothrin) and Proteus 110 OD (thiacloprid + deltamethrin), also effectively limited the number of thrips in the period of their mass occurrence. The highest effectiveness was observed following two applications of tested insecticides.
Badania nad entomofauną oblatującą kwiaty 12 gatunków roślin zielarskich prowadzono w latach 2006-2007 w Piastowie koło Wrocławia. Obserwacje prowadzono na kwiatach ziół dwa razy w tygodniu, rejestrując obecność Syrphinae na powierzchni 1 m2 przez 5 minut. Łącznie na obserwowanych kwiatach stwierdzono obecność 194 muchówek z podrodziny Syrphinae, które najliczniej notowano na kwiatach ziół z rodziny Lamiaceae. Były to: mięta pieprzowa (29,9% zgrupowania Syrphinae), kocimiętka właściwa (17,5%) i tymianek pospolity (16%). Nieco mniej atrakcyjne okazały się kwiaty hyzopu lekarskiego, lawendy lekarskiej i lebiodki pospolitej, które łącznie odwiedziło ok. 30% zgrupowania. Pozostałe gatunki ziół były odwiedzane sporadycznie. Pośród 6 gatunków ziół najsilniej zwabiających Syrphinae, najczęściej odwiedzana była kocimiętka właściwa, a najrzadziej lebiodka pospolita.
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