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The aim of the study was quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil from underground organs (rhizomes with roots) and aboveground organs (basal and stem leaves) of Rhaponticum carthamoides plants cultivated in Polish climatic conditions. Both underground organs and leaves of R. carthamoides were characterized by low content of essential oil (0.07-0.11%). The content of essential oil in underground organs of 2-year-old plants was slightly higher than in those of 3-year-old plants. The dominant constituents of essential oil, both from underground organs and leaves appeared to be geraniol and β-caryophyllene. Relatively high percentage of linalool was also observed. There were no clear differences in the composition of essential oils from 2- and 3- year-old plants.
A single factor (variety) strict field experiment was carried out in 1999 - 2000 at the experimental station of the Department of Plant Production, Agricultural University of Krakow located at Prusy near Cracow to study the changes in selected macro-and microelement concentrations in the top parts of linseed and the uptake of these elements during vegetation at the characteristic phases of development, including also the plant parts, i.e. leaves, stems, seeds and straw. On the basis of obtained results it was demonstrated that microelement contents in the linseed top parts changed considerably with the plant growth. The levels of Cr, Zn, Cd, Fe and Mn were highest at budding, while Cr, Pb, Fe and Mn levels were lowest at full maturity phase. Linseed grown in the area unpolluted with trace elements did not reveal the ability to accumulate excessive amounts of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe and Mn, undesired from the usefulness for consumption point of view. Cadmium, irrespective of the examined stage of plant development, revealed high capacity for an excessive accumulation in the top parts. The contents and reciprocal ratios of macroelements in plants changed variously with their growth. The highest Na and K contents were noticed at budding phase, Ca at vegetative stage (arborescent) and Mg at the initial budding. The widest Ca:P ratio and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio occurred at budding, whereas K:Na ratio at full maturity phase. Linseed accumulated macro- and microelements in the yield at various rates. Among the analysed elements Cd, Zn and Ni were taken up proportionally to increasing yields of linseed top part biomass.
The aim of present paper was quantitative evaluation of triterpenoid saponins – oleanosides occurring in leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes of annual and biennial Silphium perfoliatum L. plants. It was found that all studied above and underground organs contained triterpene saponins whose aglycone was oleanolic acid. It was proven that leaves of Silphium perfoliatum L. contained the highest amount of oleanosides as compared to inflorescences and rhizomes and thus they could be an attractive source for pharmaceutical industry. It was also found that oleanoside level in leaves decreased along with the plant’s development.
The research was conduced in the years 1999-2000. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of the following spring oilseed crops: crambe (Crambe abbysinica Hoechsl.) cv. B o r o w s k i, false flax (Camelina sativa L.) cv. B o r o w s k a, spring rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera L.) cv. M a r g o and oleiferous radish (Raphanus •tivus var. oleiferus L.) cv. P e g 1 e t t a. In all the years of the research alternaria, light was found on the leaves and siliques of spring rape and oleiferous radish and on the leaves and stems of crambe. False flax proved to be weakly infected by •pathogens. On its leaves gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) was found in all the years, of the research. The disease was found on the siliques only in 1999. In 2000, powdery mildew was found on spring rape and false flax (respectively, Erysiphe cifearum and E. cichoracearum). The weather conditions affected the intensity the diseases on the studied spring oilseed crops. Alernaria genus, especially A. alternata was most commonly isolated from the of examined p!ants. It constituted from 37% (in crambe) to 63.3% (in spring) of all the isolates. Of the remaining pathogenic species, numerous fungi of Fusarium genus (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. oxysporum) isolated. They constituted from 1.0% (false flax) to 17.3% (crambe) of the isolates.
Zbadano wpływ 7-dniowego zalewania systemu korzeniowego na aktywność fotosyntetyczną i wymianę gazową, parametr Fv/Fm fluorescencji chlorofilu a oraz procesy wzrostowe części nadziemnych melisy lekarskiej (Melissa officinalis L.) i bazylii właściwej (Ocimum basilicum L.). Zalewanie hamowało procesy wzrostowe pędów bazylii, natomiast tempo elongacji pędów melisy utrzymywało się na poziomie roślin kontrolnych. Zalewane rośliny bazylii charakteryzowały się około 30-proc. spadkiem fotosyntezy netto, transpiracji, przewodnictwa szparkowego i parametru Fv/Fm. W przypadku melisy wymiana gazowa i wartości parametru Fv/Fm utrzymywały się na tym samym poziomie kontroli. Zaobserwowano także zwiększoną zawartość antocyjanów w liściach tego gatunku pod wpływem zastosowanego stresu.
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