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Cut leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica and Z. elliottiana are widely used as the florists’green. Over the years we studied the parameters related to postharvest quality of leaves in the two above species. Here the effect of plant hormones known to delay leaf senescence (benzyladenine and gibberellic acid) and of the standard preservative solution (8-HQC + 2% sucrose) on the reducing sugars contents is presented. BA (0.1 mmol·dm⁻³) and GA3 (0.25 mmol·dm⁻³) were applied as 24 h pulse treatments. Pulsed and unpulsed leaves were kept either in water or in the preservative. In both species contents of reducing sugars during their senescence in vases initially rose and then dropped to 60–80% of the initial levels. Pretreatment with BA did not counteract a decrease in reducing sugar contents while in the GA₃-treated leaves sugar loss was prevented in Z. aethiopica and a 20% increase occurred in Z. elliottiana. Placing leaves in the sugar containing solution provoked a dramatic loss of reducing sugars in Z. aethiopica (to 12% of the initial level) while in Z. elliottiana this loss was less pronounced (52% of the initial value). Cytokinin did not mitigate the negative effect of the preservative on reducing sugar losses while GA₃ was more effective in this respect. Results of analyses do not support hypothesis that sugar depletion might be a cause of senescence of detached leaves in the two Zantedeschia species.
Chlorophyll degradation occurring during leaf senescence in under control of plant hormones. Changes in the chlorophyll content and the effects of BA (benzyladenine) and GA₃ (gibberellic acid) on this process were analyzed during senescence of cut leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica Spr. and Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl., two species grown for the florists’ green. Both growth regulators were applied as 24 h pulse treatment: 0.25 mmol·dm⁻³ and 0.1 mmol·dm⁻³ for GA₃ and BA, respectively. Gibberellic acid was more effective than benzyladenine in delaying senescence of both Zantedeschia species leaves by retarding chlorophyll loss. A standard preservative solution used to prolong longevity of cut flowers (8-HQC /citrate of hydroxyquinoline/ +2% S /sucrose/) radically accelerated chlorophyll loss of Z. aethiopica leaves but had no effect on pigment degradation in leaves of Z. elliottiana. However, in both species the preservative diminished the positive effect of GA₃ treatment on final chlorophyll content.
Proteolysis and free amino acid accumulation occur during leaf senescence. As senescence is under control of plant hormones leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica Spr. and Zantedeschia elliottiana Engl., two species grown for the florists’ green, were pulse treated 24 hours with solutions of benzyladenine or gibberellic acid (0.1 mmol·dm⁻³ and 0.25 mmol·dm⁻³, respectively) in order to delay senescence and to prolong their vase life. GA₃ but not BA retarded proteolysis in both species. A standard preservative solution used to prolong the longevity of cut (8-HQC + 2% S; 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate + 2% sucrose) accelerated proteolysis in the Z. aethiopica leaves but had no effect on leaves of Z. elliottiana. Soluble protein losses were accompanied by elevated levels of free amino acids, however, range of these increases did not correspond to decreases in protein contents. A massive accumulation of free amino acids occurred in the sugar-fed leaves of both species. Growth regulators somewhat limited free amino acid accumulation in leaves held in the preservative, BA being more effective in Z. elliottiana while GA₃ in Z. aethiopica.
Cut leaves of Zantedeschia aethiopica Spr. and Hosta ‘Undulata Erromena’ are widely used as the florists’ green. Effect of pulsing leaves with growth regulators and a storage method (dry or wet, in light or darkness, at 5°C) on postharvest longevity and chlorophyll content was investigated. Leaf vase life after 3 days storage was evaluated at 20°C and 12 h light/12 h night. Results confirmed that a dry and dark storage of Zantedeschia leaves negatively affected their decorative values while for Hosta foliage a dry storage was improper both in darkness and in light. Negative effects of storage conditions could – at least partly – be alleviated by a 24 h puls conditioning with gibberellic acid or benzyladenine for Zantedeschia and Hosta, respectively. In Zantedeschia the pulsed leaves cold stored in darkness had their vase life seven-fold that of non pulsed leaves. In Hosta pulsing leaves with BA prior to storage increased their vase life six times relative to untreated leaves, however, the cytokinin did not completely overcome a negative effect of dry storage. Positive action of both growth regulators was reflected in the leaf higher chlorophyll contents at all sampling dates.
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