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A change of B-chromosome frequencies in the population of Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) from Cer mountain in Yugoslavia was studied. Five samples were collected during 1989. Specimens with Bs were present in all samples with frequencies ranging from 0.22 to 0.39. Differences between frequencies of animals with Bs in successive samples were not statistically significant. The change in the population size (n) was positively correlated with variation in frequency of animals with Bs (rp = 0.81), but negatively with frequency of Bs per B carrying animals (rp = -0.65). A analysis of variance of external body measures and some cranial characters showed no significant differences between animals with and without Bs.
In recent years, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of microsatellites to be used for a variety of objectives. Parental genetic diversity is a crucial requisition to derive desirable and superior progenies from crossing and selection. In order to determine desirable genotypes for hybridization, 710 wheat genotypes from the Novi Sad Core Collection, originating from 38 countries, have been evaluated during the 1993-2000 period. During those seven growth seasons, 54 agronomical, morphological, physiological and other traits have been evaluated in field and controlled conditions. In each year, the field experiment comprised 3-7 replications, while for each field replication the plot size was 1.2 m2. Based on the results from this evaluation, 96 genotypes with the highest phenotypic variation for 26 of the very important traits for wheat breeding programmes in Yugoslavia and the UK, were identified for screening with microsatellites. A set of 36 microsatellite markers was used, covering all three wheat genomes and all 42 chromosomes. For the 36 microsatellites, a total of 46 loci and 366 alleles were detected, with the average number of 7.96 alleles per locus. For 35 loci, null alleles were detected. The association of microsatellite data with phenotypic data, for 6 important traits for wheat breeding (stem height, earliness, resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew, sedimentation value and protein content), as well as the potential for their implementation in marker, assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programmes for both Yugoslavia and UK are discussed.
Among 226 taxa 50 were determined as dominant. The most important were Achnanthes lanceolata (Bréb.) Grun., Meridion circulare var. constrictum (Ralfs) V.H., Navicula radiosa Kütz., and Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) L.-B., best developed on the silt and sand. Macroscopic conglomerations were sporadic and most frequently covered less than 10% of the bottom, except for Tribonema viride Pascher (at the source), and T. vulgare Pascher and Chaetophora elegans (Roth.) Ag. (only in pools). Litorheophilous, pelorheophilous, and pelophilous communities were dominant, particularly near the source.
All previously known former Yugoslavian terrestrial slugs of the families Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae have been discussed in this paper. The author conducted his research in the former Yugoslavia's territory in 1982-1983. He has also examined material from museums and private collections. The taxa, from the family to the species, are provided with full synonymy, more important references, descriptions of the external appearance and systematically useful anatomical characters, information on ecology and distribution in the world, list of new and already known localities, and comments, which - e.g. - help to distinguish a particular taxon from other ones. There are also keys to all the families and species, characteristics of the former Yugoslavia's slug fauna figures of all the species (nearly all made by the author himself) and distribution maps on a simplified UTM grid. The occurrence of 48 species has been established. Six other, in the author's opinion, were erroneously recorded in literature and should not be reckoned among the fauna of this area. Besides, 11 species mentioned by former authors still have a completely unclear status. Two species new to science have been described, i.e. Tandonia rara and Deroceras maasseni, and 20 names synonymized.
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