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The residues of fluvalinate accumulated in the wax promote the selection and development of Varroa jacobsoni resistance to fluvalinate activity. Probably Varroa jacobsoni will be resistant to other acaricidal synthetic pyrethroids (due to cross-resistance). The possibilities of using for honey-bee protection the inserted to hives strips, containing known pesticides, such as amitraz, malathion and bromfenvinphos, which have different, than synthetic pyretroids, mode of biological action, and which are suitable to overcome fluvalinate resistant mites were tested in Poland. The high varroacidal effectiveness of the strips with above mentioned pesticides during 6 weeks exposition was found. However, amitraz, at the concentration of 5% in PVC strip, was decomposed after 5 months of storage. Malathion at the same concentration is not quite safe for bees. The promising results with bromfenvinphos incorporated in PVC strip (5%), as well as in the form of microlayer (50-60 mg a.i.) on PE strip were obtained (the average varroacidal effectiveness achieved 99%). The dorsal bromfenvinphos apitoxicity LD50 was 7310 ng/bee.
The aim of the work was to establish the efficacy of Apitol to control Varroa diseases used in spring, summer and in autumn as a food additive. Apitol applied once for feeding in spring or autumn effectively lowered the level of Varroa jacobsoni invasion and is safe. Apitol added to the mixture honey-water is the best accepted by bees.
The objective of the work was to determine the effect of invasion of Varroa jacobsoni on the bee colonies of different breeds in the fourth year of varrosis. It was found out that bee colonies which were not treated died in the fourth year of the disease, while treated ones were debilitated. The main loss concerned the bee colonies with augustonian and carnica queens. The most resistant were colonies with caucasian queens.
These investigations aimed to evaluate the influence of acaricides used in Bulgaria (based on amitraz, cumaphos and fluvalinate) on some factors of the non-specific bee immunity in the appearance of chalkbrood. It was found that the changes of protein concentration and lysozyme amount in the haemolymph and the pH of bee intestine depend on different active substances of the drugs. Field trials canied out on 526 colonies revealed that the lower resistance of bees infected with Varroa jacobsoni was a cause of the appearance of chalkbrood. This resistance was additionally decreased by using the anti-Varroa mite product “Perizin”.
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