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The study was aimed at investigating whether keeping colonies on small-cell combs (cell width of 4.93 mm), in combination with natural selection resulting from the lack of V. destructor treatment, leads to an intensification of hygienic behaviour. We also sought to determine whether the very transfer of colonies treated against V. destructor (without natural selection) onto small-cell combs causes an intensification of hygienic behaviour. Hygienic behaviour was monitored in both varroatosis-treated and untreated colonies kept on small-cell combs, as well as in two control groups consisting respectively of varroatosis-treated and untreated colonies kept on combs with standard size cells (cell width of 5.56 mm). Regardless of whether they had been treated or not, the colonies kept on the small-cell combs removed dead pupae (needle test) faster than the colonies kept on the standard-cell combs, both treated and untreated. In this way, we demonstrated that hygienic behaviour can be intensified by transferring colonies onto small-cell combs, even without natural survival selection resulting from the lack of treatment against V. destructor. The practical use of this method, however, requires further studies of various bee populations, as they may differ significantly in the intensity of hygienic behaviour and, possibly, in their aptitude for being kept on small-cell combs.
Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman is the most serious parasitic pest attacking honey bees (Apis mellifera) all over the world, causing severe weakening or even death of colonies if left uncontrolled. Resistance to acaricides is a very important problem in the control of the mite. The aim of this review was to present causes influencing the selection of acaricide-resistant strains and also strategies that can be useful for efficient treatment.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of Varroa destructor invasions on HCH and DDT concentration in bees from infected colonies. Studies were carried out on 7 apiaries in the Olsztyn area. It was found that HCH and DDT content in bees depended on both apiary location and V. destructor presence in colonies. Bees from infected colonies contained less amounts of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The greatest concentration of HCH and DDT was found in bees from apiaries located on the verge of forests, near allotment gardens, and the least in bees flying around rape, white mustard and weeds on waste ground. Higher HCH and DDT concentrations in bees free from V. destructor invasion indicates their greater activity in the environment and bringing flow to the hive, the amount of which influences the increase of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the organism.
Between 2011 and 2013, in laboratory cage tests, we compared life spans of bees reared in colonies kept on small-cell combs (cell width of 4.93 mm) that were either treated or untreated against varroatosis, as well as life spans of bees reared in colonies kept on standard-cell combs (cell width of 5.56 mm), both treated and untreated against varroatosis. Maintaining colonies on small-cell combs, combined with the lack of strong parasitic pressure from V. destructor, extended the life span of these bees in comparison with that of bees from standard-cell combs. The keeping of colonies on small-cell combs increased the longevity of bees reared on them and heavily infested by the parasites. Intensive infestation by V. destructor mites shortened the life span of bees, regardless of comb cell width, as confirmed by significant correlation coefficients between the parameters defining the scale of infestation and the life span of bees, while the specifics of the interrelation between the worker life span and the scale of infestation depended on the cell width (small/standard). Hence, comb cell width affects the biology of both the parasite and the host, as well as the relationship between them. Therefore, analysing biological connections between A. mellifera colonies and V. destructor in the context of different comb cell widths seems a very promising direction for research.
The influence of levamisol on the Ievel of total protein in haemolymph of bees infected with Varroa destructor. The studies were performed in 1997 in bee colonies with carnica queens. Levamisol in dose 2,5 mg/l and 5 mg/l of sugar syrup was given to experimental group, while the control one was treated with the same dose of sugar syrup. From May to September, once a month, the segments of honeycombs containing 15-17 day brood were taken for farer housing. The level of total protein was investigated in the haemolymph of freshly hatched bee workers. lt was found that levamisol given in sugar syrup did not caurse disturbances in the development of bee colonies, however, it was noticed that levamisol influenced on the rise of total protein level in haemolymph of bees and decrease of Varroa destructor infection
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