The paper aims to analyse the development of retail financial services in conditions of government intervention. It is argued that excessive state control of the market for retail financial services is needed in times of crisis and increased moral hazard occurrence but is not effective in the long term. Development could be achieved by expanding privatization in the banking sector and permitting the sector to function freely according to market rules.
Livestock rearing plays a pivotal role in providing population with food commodities and contributes 46.3% of the gross agricultural output of Uzbekistan. Aftermath of independence many state enterprises, which were main livestock commodity producers were closed down. As conseąuence, now the livestock population take place in household plots and newly formed small sized private farms. Considering the rareness of research on livestock rearing in Uzbekistan in the last two decades this paper aims at finding out problems faced by livestock producers during the transition period and analyzes possible solutions for further improvement based on survey results of 56 livestock farms and 80 household farms from the region Khorezm. Improvement of input and output market infrastructure and appropriate institutional changes in land and water use rights would allow further development of the livestock sector in conditions of market economy.
Gonad weight, absolute and relative fecundity, and the maturity coefficient of female eastern bream Abramis brama in the Talimardzhan, Utchkyzyl, and Yuzhnosurkhan reservoirs located in southern Uzbekistan were studied. Females mature at the age of 3, when the fish reach 27, 21, and 22 cm in the three reservoirs respectively. Also, the correlation coefficient and regression between these characteristics and fish sizes were determined.
The use of Big Data (BD) in medicine is fundamental for the development of digital healthcare, including the implementation of smart medicine and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Proper organization of BD is necessary for the creation and training of AI algorithms, and for AI to work with great efficiency and accuracy. In this review, the existing models for creating and storing BD sets are described, and the numerous opportunities provided to the healthcare system by the effective use of these tools are outlined. The BD phenomenon is especially important for the developing countries, which can use the example of already completed projects and achievements in the field of BD to more effectively implement such technologies in their own countries. However, there are still some problems with the implementation of BD technologies in practical healthcare of the developing countries. One of the fundamental issues is the financial cost of developing, implementing and maintaining a system for collecting, storing and using BD, including the cost of highly qualified personnel, and expensive equipment and network infrastructure that needs to be regularly updated. Another problem is the confidentiality and security of data in healthcare.
The paper aimed to analyze the production capacity and financial results of a company called JSC “Samarqanddonmahsulotlari”, which operates as a major enterprise in the grain industry in Uzbekistan. It has been argued that the company’s production capacity is not used at full range, thus limiting company profitability. Development can be achieved by securing raw material supplies and ensuring the proper distribution of products in a demand driven market.
We describe a partially crushed skull and dentaries of a sub-adult individual of Daulestes nessovi sp. n., from the Coniacian of Uzbekistan. This is the earliest known eutherian skull (about 87 Ma) and the sixth genus of Cretaceous eutherians in which a skull is available. Because the skull of D. nessovi is sub-adult, certain plesiomorphic features may be ontogenetic and should be interpreted with caution. Four upper premolars and five lower premolariform teeth were in use (possibly to become four lowers when fully adult). The upper cheek-teeth have winged conules; M2 has large parastylar and small metastylar projections. Pre- and postcingula are lacking on DP4 and the upper molars. The talonids of dp4-m2 are about 90% as wide as the trigonids, with widely separated entoconid and hypoconulid. The skull has a large sphenorbital fissure, no foramen rotundum, and apparently no pterygoid process of the sphenoid. A large orbital wing of the palatine prevents maxilla-frontal contact within the orbit. The zygomatic arch is slender. The cochlea has one full turn, with an expanded apex, which suggests that a lagena might have been present. A large malleus with a robust anterior process, and a large promontorium may be due to young age of the individual or a primitive retention, as in the platypus. Because of the similarity to Asioryctidaem both cranial structure and dentition, we assign Daulestes tentatively to Asioryctitheria Novacek et al. 1997, family incertae sedis.
The albanerpetontid fossil record in Asia was limited to five dentaries of unidentified genus from the Upper Cretaceous Khodzhakul (lower Cenomanian) and Bissekty (Turonian) formations, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. Here I describe two fragmentary frontals from the Khodzhakul local fauna as the first unequivocal record of the genusAlbanerpeton in Asia.
The first western Asian multituberculates found in the Bissekty Formation (Coniacian) of Uzbekistan are described on the basis of a lower premolar (p4), a fragment of a lower incisor, an edentulous dentary, a proximal part of the humerus and a proximal part of the femur. Uzbekbaatar kizylkumensis gen. et sp. n. is defined as having a low and arcuate p4, possibly without a posterobuccal cusp; it presumably had two lower premolars, as inferred from the presence of a triangular concavity at the upper part of the anterior wall of p4, and p3 less reduced in relation to p4 than in non-specialized Taeniolabidoidea and Ptilodontoidea. Uzbekbaatar is placed in the Cimolodonta without indicating family and infraorder. It might have originated from the Plagiaulacinae or Eobaatarinae.
Femora referable to metatherians and eutherians recovered from the Bissekty Formation, Dzharakuduk, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan (90 Mya), are described. Fourteen isolated specimens were sorted based on size and morphology into groups that likely correspond to the species level or higher. Groups were then tentatively assigned to taxa known from teeth, petrosals, and/or other postcrania at these localities. One distal femur of a small arboreal metatherian, and several eutherian distal femora that probably represent zhelestids and/or zalambdalestids were identified. With the exception of one proximal femur that is similar in some aspects to the zalambdalestid Barunlestes, and a previously described multituberculate specimen, all other proximal femora from the Bissekty Formation exhibit a metatherian−like morphology. The dental record currently suggests the presence of twelve eutherian species and only one metatherian at Dzharakuduk, whereas the humeral and crurotarsal evidence supports the presence of at least two or four metatherian species, respectively. Given the sample size of the proximal femora, the morphological diversity present, and the overwhelming presence of eutherians at these localities, it is highly unlikely that the overwhelming majority of proximal femora actually represent metatherians. Therefore, this sample may suggest that the metatherian proximal femoral condition is primitive for Theria and that some eutherian taxa (probably including Zhelestidae, which are dentally most abundant at these localities) retain this condition.
Uzbekbaatar Kielan−Jaworowska and Nessov, 1992 is among the rarest mammals and the only multituberculate in the diverse, eutherian dominated Bissekty (Turonian) and Aitym (?Coniacian) local faunas, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan. New material from the Bissekty local fauna, suggests that only one multituberculate species, Uzbekbaatar kizylkumensis Kielan−Jaworowska and Nessov, 1992 is present in the Bissekty fauna. A newly collected p4 is better preserved than the holotype and demonstrates presence of the posterolabial cusp in the p4 of Uzbekbaatar. New material of Uzbekbaatar is consistent with placement of this taxon within the basal cimolodontan “Paracimexomys group.”
A fragment of dentary with m4, showing characters of some Late Cretaceous North American marsupials, is assigned to Marsasia sp. Marsasia Nessov, 1997 from the Coniacian of Uzbekistan, represented by M. aenigma known from edentulous dentaries with inflected angular processes, was attributed by Nessov to ?Marsupialia. Marsasia sp., found in the same horizon as the type species, resembles it in size and structure of the masseteric fossa, but dffiers in having a less steep coronoid process. We assign Marsasia to Marsupialia on the basis of the following characters: inflected angular process, shape of the dentary similar to that in Asiatherium, postcanine dental formula, inferred from alveoli for p1-3, ml-4, and sfructure of m4 more similar to Cretaceous marsupials than eutherians. The phylogenetic position of Marsasia may be between the Albian Kokopellia and Campanian Asiatherium. Marsasia is tentatively referred to the orderAsiadelphia, which may represent an endemic Asian marsupial clade.
Paranyctoides aralensis, based on a partially known set of lower postcanines from the Turonian Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan, is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of Sailestes quadrans, itself based on an M1 from the same stratigraphic unit. As a result, the latter taxon is recombined as Paranyctoides quadrans comb. nov. Based on newly col− lected or recognized specimens, we show that this species has four lower incisors, including a procumbent i1 and a rela− tively small i4, as well as five double−rooted premolars, the smallest of which (p3) can be lost ontogenetically. The p5 of this species is premolariform, rather than molariform as previously thought based on an erroneous identification, and re− sembles North American species of Paranyctoides in the presence of a small, cingulid−like paraconid and a distal talonid cusp, as well as the absence of a metaconid. The lower molars of Paranyctoides are unique among Late Cretaceous eutherians in having a larger, lingually placed paraconid. Paranycoides probably is the sister taxon of the Late Cretaceous Zhelestidae.
We review the fossil record of Asian albanerpetontids. The three dentaries previously attributed to the two species of Nukusurus Nessov, 1981 (lower Cenomanian and Coniacian, Uzbekistan) are from albanerpetontids, but none are distinctive below the familial level. We thus designate the names Nukusurus, N. insuetus Nessov, 1981, and N. sodalis Nessov, 1997 as nomina dubia within the Albanerpetontidae. Two dentaries (lower Cenomanian, Uzbekistan) described herein for the first time supplement the known record of Asian albanerpetontids. The holotype atlas and only specimen of the supposed albanerpetontid Bishara backa Nessov, 1997 (upper Santonian-?Campanian, Kazakhstan) is shown to be from a salamander, not an albanerpetontid. Our study recognizes Albanerpeton (Cretaceous-Miocene, North America and Europe) and Celtedens (Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous, Europe) as the only valid albanerpetontid genera. Limited evidence favors one or more dispersals from Europe or Norttr America to Asia in the medial Cretaceous as the major biogeographic event in the history of Asian albanerpetontids.