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A thermophilic protease-secreting bacterial isolate, TPNK-3, from Kiteezi landfill, is an aerobic Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium with rod-shaped cells (3.28 μm long and 0.45 μm wide). Optimal growth was observed at 55°C and pH of 7.0, and the isolate tolerates up to 5% (w/v) NaCl, exhibits extracellular amylolytic, cellulolytic and caseinolytic activities, utilizes a range of carbon and nitrogen sources and has a GC content of 45 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the studied bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus, and closest to Bacillus gelatini (> 99.9%). Consequently, isolate TPNK3 is tentatively described as Bacillus gelatini strain TPNK3.
The study aimed to investigate effectiveness of forest management zoning in conserving biodiversity of Mabira forest reserve. The study sites buffer, production, and strict nature reserve management zones were purposively selected. This was undertaken through investigating woody species diversity, composition and structure. A total of 60 sampling plots with a size of 20 m x10 m were used to collect vegetation data. Variables such as woody plant species identification and counts as well as diameter at breast height (DBH) of trees were done. The result depicted a total of 65 woody species; 39 in buffer, 19 in productions and 37 in strict nature reserve. Of these, only 9 trees species were found common to all zones and their Sorensen similarity coefficient was 0.2213. The population structure of the buffer and strict nature reserve zones was found to be a J - shape pattern, whereas the production zone shown an inverted J-shape pattern. Higher woody species diversity was depicted in the buffer and strict nature zones with (H’=2. 73512) and (H’=2. 68412) respectively, and lower in a production zone (H’=1. 63628). The evenness index value of a buffer zone was (J =0. 746574), strict nature (J= 0.743335) and production (J=0. 555719). The production zone had shown higher IVI values followed by buffer and strict nature reserve zone. The most important woody species identified based on their IVI value were Broussonetia papyrifera (Production), Acalypha neptunica (Buffer), Funtumia Elastica (strict nature reserve). The existing forest management is effective in conserving the biodiversity of the forest reserve. Nevertheless, the production zone was still suffering from exploitation of the surrounding community, hence serve for protecting the remaining management zones from further human interference. Further investigation is also required on the adjacent community perceptions of the forest management zoning.
Fifty samples from five baby food products mainly made of cereal flour(s) were analyzed. The moisture contents of these products were between 11.14% and 11.9%, a level below 14.0%, the recommended level for safe storage of cereal grains and their products. The mycological analysis was carried out using the dilution plate method and two isolation media (DG18 for isolation of xerophilic fungi and DRBC for fungi in general). A total of 80 species related to 37 genera in addition to some unidentified fungal and yeast species were recorded on both media from the five products. The products were contaminated abundantly by xerophilic fungi which were occurring in 88% of food samples and accounting for 18.1% of the total CFU as recorded on DG18. The highest contamination level by xerophiles was registered in Mwebaza rice porridge (a component of rice flour) and the lowest in Mukuza (a product of maize, soyabean and sorghum flours). 11 xerophilic species were recorded of which Aspergillus and Eurotium (4 species each) were the predominant giving rise to 9.1% and 8.9% of the total CFU, with A. wentii, A. candidus, E. cristatum and E. repens were the most contaminating species. Of the fungi recorded other than xerophiles, species of Aspergillus (particularly A. flavus followed by A. niger), Penicillium (P. citrinum, P. oxalicum), Fusarium (F. solani, F. tricinctum), Cladosporium (C. sphaerospermum) and yeasts were the most predominant. Contamination of such foods is a matter of health hazard as these foods are for babies. So, the use of fresh, well-dried and uncontaminated flours for production of such foods is recommended.
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Edible wild fruit tree species are known to provide enormous products and services to several rural communities worldwide. Products derived from such edible wild fruit tree species and related conservation issues are not adequately documented. The objectives of this study were to document the uses/products derived from five most preferred edible wild fruit tree species of Gulu district; how their products are harvested; how they are locally managed; if there are any constraints to cultivation and local strategies for conservation. The five edible wild fruit species used in this study (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn, Vitex doniana Sweet, Borassus aethiopum Mart, Tamarindus indica L. and Annona senegalensis Oliv.) were earlier identified from household heads in Gulu district as most preferred. Data on these were collected using questionnaires, interview guides, field visits, home observation and photography. The main uses and products which were established included fruits, fuel-wood, charcoal, medicinal, timber among others. Modes of harvests varied with each product. No management system was in place for any fruit tree species. Wild fruits have several products not yet documented. Willingness to cultivate these fruit trees is low. It is, therefore, important to raise awareness on the demises of mismanaging these tree species, set and implement adequate conservation measures.
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Park Narodowy Kibale (Uganda)

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