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The study was conducted at a site where the Great Horned Owl and the Barn Owl nested in a close proximity to each other in an intesivelly managed farmland in north-eastern Oregon. By the means of pellet content analysis it has been shown that food niches of both species almost totally overlapped. Their main diet was composed of Microtus voles (numerically: 79% in Great Horned Owl and 86% in Barn Owl) which were probably superabundant in this site.
Diet of co-occurring Barn Owl and Spotted Eagle Owl has been studied by means of pellet contents analysis in urban and rural environments in the Highveld of South Africa. In urban environment, diet of both owl species was dominated by murid rodents (mainly Otomys, Mastomys and Rhabdomys). In rural environment, Barn Owl diet was also dominated by murid rodents, but in the diet of the Spotted Eagle Owl higher proportion of birds and non-murid rodents was recorded. Although in the rural environment the breadth of diet niche was wider in Spotted Eagle Owl (DB = 35.41) than in Barn Owl (DB = 12.67), there was almost total dietary overlap (DO = 0.98) between these two co-occurring owl species. For contrast, there was only slight food niche overlap (DO = 0.12) between these owl species co-occurring in the urban environment, but the diet breadth here was also wider in Spotted Eagle Owl (DB = 29.02) than in Barn Owl (DB = 17.90). In the urban environment diet breadth of the Spotted Eagle Owl is, therefore, slightly wider than in rural environment, while in the case of the Barn Owl the reverse is true. Probably there is lower abundance of available prey in urban and rural areas in the Highveld, in comparison with more natural habitats. This may force both species to resort to a more diverse diet to meet their energy requirements. Both species show, therefore, high plasticity of foraging.
The diet of the Barn Owl was investigated in 13 localities in the Pisa province, Central Italy. In each locality the percentage of forest and cultivated land, and the linear development of roads and rivers were recorded. To estimate the prey availability, the small mammal communities in seven different localities within the same province were sampled during live trapping sessions. Barn Owls preyed mainly upon rodents (79.4%) and insectivores (18.8%), while birds were eaten to a small degree (1.9%). The main prey taxon was Apodemus sp. (39.7%), followed by Microtus savii (26.1%). The relative frequencies of these two prey items were negatively correlated. Statistically significant differences in the mean prey weight in the thirteen localities were detected. The mean prey weight was positively associated with the wood surface and negatively with the area of cultivated fields. A positive relationship between prey diversity and cultivation was recorded. This indicates that Barn Owls which forage in cultivated habitats tend to prey on smaller species, mainly shrews and voles, and to have a more diversified prey spectrum. On the contrary, owls foraging in wooded areas were more specialized and preyed on larger Animals.
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