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1

Importance of midfield shelterbelts for over-wintering entomofauna [Turew area, West Poland]

100%
Karg J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The studies on the role of recently established shelterbelts as refuges available for wintering insects were carried out in the years 1994–2002. Soil and litter samples were taken (the material being sorted manually) from five young (up to 7 years old) and two older midfield shelterbelts, from the ecotone zones and from the adjacent croplands. A high numbers (250–400 ind. m⁻²) of insects, which biomass varied between 950 and 2300 mg dry wt. m⁻², were found to overwinter in young (4–7 years old) shelterbelts. The insects formed communities (dominated by Coleoptera) represented by over 50 families. Effects of the shelterbelt’s age, the presence or absence of litter, specific composition of trees and the location of sampling plots within the shelterbelt on wintering insects are discussed.
2

Thysanoptera community of midfield shelterbelts of different age

100%
Szeflinska D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The density and species composition of Thysanoptera were estimated in three shelterbelts with different age located in arable land (Turew area, West Poland). It was stated, that 100 years old shelterbelts supply favorable habitats for the community of these insects: the occurrence of species connected closely with the shelterbelt and the stable species composition were found there. In the young shelterbelt (two years after planting). Thysanoptera constituted a community dynamically changing. In several (7–8) years old shelterbelt the community of these insects showed the features characteristic for community noted in 100 years old shelterbelt.
3

Small mammals in two midfield shelterbelts of different age

100%
Lecki R.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
Small mammals were studied in two midfield shelterbelts (6–7 and 170 years old) in Turew area (west Poland). Eight species: Apodemus flavicollis, A. sylvaticus, A. agrarius, Mus musculus, Micromys minutus, Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, Clethrionomys glareolus were found. Species structure was significantly different between studied shelterbelts. In the old shelterbelt species characteristic for forest environments dominated. Species structure in the old shelterbelts was more stable than in the young one.
4

Butterflies [Lepidoptera] of young midfield shelterbelts

100%
Sobczyk D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The study was carried out in 1999–2000 in midfield shelterbelts located in mosaic agricultural landscape near village Turew (West Poland) with the aid of transect method (total length amounted to 4520 m). Five shelterbelts (transect length – 3070 m) have been planted in 1993 and one shelterbelt (transect length – 1450 m) in 1998. All the shelterbelts have been planted on arable land. Twenty seven species of butterflies (imagines) were recorded during the study period. Pieris napi and P.rapae dominated in all shelterbelts. Their dominance in 6–7 years old shelterbelts amounted to 30 and 24%, respectively, while in younger one (1–2 years old) – 34 and 32%. Total mean density of butterflies in older shelterbelts was equal to 91.9 ind. km⁻¹ of transect (width 5 m) – and was about 40% higher than in the younger one. Lower dominance of Aphantopus hyperantus (8%) observed in 6–7 years shelterbelts (when compared to several tens years ones) was most likely caused by small share of grasses and perennial dicotyledons, which are important for this species. The butterflies recorded in shelterbelts may be assigned to four ecological groups: ubiquistic species (7 spp.), species typical for open area (10 spp.), species linked to afforestations (3 spp.) and woodland (7 spp.). In all studied shelterbelts most abundant were ubiquistic species and open areas species (Pieris rapae and P. napi) with no respect to age of shelterbelt. Also some rare species with higher environmental demands were recorded, i.e., Polyommatus amandus and Carterocephalus palaeon, which have not been previously observed in the study area.
5

Secondary succession of the vegetation in the young shelterbelt [Turew area, Western Poland]

80%
Bernacki Z.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
Plant succession (herb and tree species) in newly planted midfield shelterbelt (0.63 ha of area) was investigated during eight years. Changes of vegetation were found to be similar to the succession on abandoned fields. During first years simple plant communities, consisted by common and very common species, dominated by one species, like: Arthemisia absyntium and Chenopodium album, Conyza canadiensis or Apera spica-venti, substituted year by year. The number of species reached maximal value (48) three years after shelterbelt planting. Among all trees forming the shelterbelt the fastest growing were the species of early succession stages (having light seeds) like: poplar, birch, larch and pine. Those trees form the canopy layer already after four years of succession. That process increased the rate of succession to forest community. Maximum biomass of herb plants (347.84 g dry wt. m⁻²) was noted in fifth year of succession. Litter biomass increased during all study period. Corridor effect of shelterbelt for plants wasn’t evidenced. Introduction of the forest and clear-cutting species is relatively slow and proceeds from the forest adjacent to the shelterbelt.
6

Soil-litter macrofauna in the mixed forest and midfield shelterbelts of different age [Turew area, West Poland]

70%
Olechowicz E.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The paper deals with the composition, density and biomass of soil-litter macrofauna in four midfield shelterbelts of different age and, comparatively, in the neighbouring mixed forest. The increase was observed along with the shelterbelt ageing of: 1) numbers of all macrofauna and particularly of some taxa (Symphyla, Chilopoda, coleopteran larvae and imagines and some dipteran larvae), 2) biomass of all macrofauna, of soil fauna (Group I) and of coleopteran larvae, 3) share of zoophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae, 4) share of phytophages in coleopteran larvae communities, 5) average individual biomass, 6) taxonomic richness and the biodiversity (H’), 7) similarity of composition and domination structure of all macrofauna and of dipteran larvae to those in forest communities. The decrease of density of dipteran larvae, particularly of Chironomidae and Sciaridae and the share of saprophages in all macrofauna and in dipteran larvae was also observed. Successional stages of more numerous invertebrate taxa in newly established woodlots are described. Dipteran larvae were the pioneers in colonising newly established shelterbelts, particularly larvae from two families: Chironomidae and Sciaridae. Their combined contribution to the total density of dipteran larvae was 92%.
7

Importance of young shelterbelts for breeding avifauna in agricultural landscape [Turew area, West Poland]

61%
Kujawa K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2004
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
Protection of high biodiversity in an intensively farmed areas is strongly related to managing the diverse structure of a landscape, for example by planting shelterbelts. The study was aimed at recognition of avifauna dynamics in young (with the age of 1–4 years at the beginning of the study) shelterbelts (N=9) and at estimation of their importance for farmland birds. Bird density was estimated by mapping method in successive years 1996–2001 and the data were combined and analysed in respect to age of shelterbelts. Eighteen breeding species were found (5–8 pairs km⁻¹), among them most abundant were Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra) (with dominance of 33%), Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) (19%) and Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) (12%). No trend in the changes of species richness and total density was recorded. The density of species preferring building nests and/or feeding in herb layer (like Yellow Wagtail, Skylark Alauda arvensis and Whinchat Saxicola rubetra) decreased during study period while the density of species associated to higher layers of vegetation like Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) increased. According to earlier study, bird species richness and abundance in studied young shelterbelts were lower than in several dozens years old ones. However, in relation to species colonization both classes of shelterbelts (species building their nests on the ground or in low shrubs), young shelterbelts were as important as old ones.
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