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The androgenetic response of several selected male sterilitymaintainer genotypes of triticale was investigated. Androgenesis induction was obtained in all cultivars, but a large genotypic variation in green plant regeneration was observed. The number of regenerated triticale plants varied from 0.1 to 4.7 green plants per spike, depending on genotype. Spontaneous doubling of chromosomes varied from 14 to 60 % for particular genotypes and, on average, reached the value of 34 % for all genotypes. Fertile DH lines obtained in this study will find practical application in the development of triticale male sterile lines that are desirable in hybrid breeding.
The total amount of the identified phenolics was similar in leaves of both cultivars noninfested by the insects. However, higher content of ferulic acid and o-coumaric acid was found in the less acceptable triticale (Lamberto cv.) than in more acceptable Marko cv. After infestation an increase in content of the most phenolics was observed. The cereal leaf beetle brought the highest changes in the gallic, chlorogenic, salicylic, syringic and ferulic acid. The grain aphid feeding resulted in the increase of gallic, chlorogenic, vanilic, caffeic, syringic and salicylic acids. Moreover, much higher induction of phenolic biosynthesis occurred within seedlings of Lambero cv. than in Marko one. The differences in phenolic acids level within triticale tissues induced by the chewing and sucking-piercing insects are discussed.
The usefulness of a semispecific PCR system for the evaluation of genetic diversity among selected cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.) was investigated. A comparison was made of the diversity among cultivars of both species as revealed by primers targetting the semi-conservative sequences of the intron-exon junction. The main purpose of the study was the selection of the most informative primers from among the exon targetting (ET) and intron targetting (IT) primers of 12 to 18 bases in length. For triticale, the most satisfactory results were obtained using ET and IT primers of 18 bases in length. In wheat, complex and polymorphic banding patterns were generated by primers belonging to both groups, regardless of their length.
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