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Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Biological control of the latent pathogen Gnomoniopsis smithogylvyi in European chestnut grafting scions using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma atroviride

100%
Pasche S., Crovadore J., Pelleteret P., Jermini M., Mauch-Mani B., Oszako T., Lefort F.
Dendrobiology
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2016
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tom 75
A search for endophytes in Castanea sativa Miller (Fagales: Fagaceae) grafting scions showed that a latent pathogenic fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi (Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae) was present as the major component of the endophytic flora. Initially, the goal of this study was to develop a biological control method of Cryphonectria parasitica (Diaporthales: Valsaceae), the chestnut blight agent, by soaking chestnut scions before grafting in antagonists suspension. However, the healthy chestnut material used in in vitro and glasshouse experiments turned out to be naturally infected by a pathogen. At first view, the symptoms looked very similar to those caused by C. parasitica but some differences were noticed. DNA sequencing and application of Koch’s postulates revealed that G. smithogilvyi was the agent responsible of those symptoms. Preventive biocontrol experiments were carried out with chestnut tree scions soaked overnight in a liquid suspension of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillales: Bacillaceae). This bacterium was then frequently found in the lower parts of scions (CF of 100% between 3.1 and 6 cm) and up to a height of 18 cm. It was observed that when B. amyloliquefaciens was present, the endophytic and opportunistic pathogenic fungus G. smithogilvyi was not present. Conversely, the parts not colonized by the bacteria were always naturally infected by the endophytic fungus. This would indicate that the endophytic behavior of B. amyloliquefaciens inhibited the growth of G. smithogilvyi and reduced its presence in scions. A similar experiment, carried out with the Trichoderma atroviride (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae), led to similar observations. Trichoderma atroviride was frequently isolated in the lower parts of scions (CF of 100% until 6 cm) and up to a height of 27 cm. Inoculating B. amyloliquefaciens and T. atroviride as part of a preventive biocontrol treatment would allow these biological control agents to colonize the plant as endophytes and prevent the development of G. smithogilvyi.
2
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Application of organic waste material overgrown with Trichoderma atroviride as a control strategy for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Chalara thielavioides in soil

100%
Kowalska B., Smolinska U., Szczech M., Winciorek M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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2017
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tom 57
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nr 3
The effect of granulated organic waste material overgrown with Trichoderma atroviride TRS25 on the survival of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Chalara thielavioides in the soil was investigated. Application of this material into the soil at a dosage of 1% (w/v) reduced the survival of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia to almost zero after 2 months of incubation. The sclerotia were parasitized by T. atroviride fungus multiplied on granulates. The detrimental effect of granulates on Ch. thielavioides was observed after 4 months of incubation. The granulates, with Trichoderma and without the fungus, caused a decrease of the pathogen population in soil. Trichoderma atroviride introduced into the soil as a conidia suspension did not decrease the amount of Ch. thielavioides but the fungus parasitized S. sclerotiorum sclerotia. After the addition of granulated waste material, an increase of bacteria, especially the Pseudomonas group in the soil was observed.
3

Effect of low molecular chitin on the production of proteins with antifungal activity by Trichoderma atroviride NBT-11

100%
Monte E., Gomez M. I., Guerra I., Llobell A., Bautista J.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences
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2003
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tom 51
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nr 1
4

Identyfikacja grzybow wywolujacych zielona plesn w pieczarkarniach

80%
Szczech M.
Biuletyn Producenta Pieczarek - Pieczarki
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2005
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tom 33
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nr 1
26-31
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