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The Meretrix casta is an edible clam for human beings and it is widely distributed around the aquatic ecosystem. The clam has relatively thick shells that can attain a length of three inches. The knowledge of the biology, culture and biochemical composition of any edible organism is extremely important. Though the size, shape and colour of clam are different their nutritive value is very good. A maximum average length of 27.15mm was observed in the M.casta studied during 2011 and a maximum average length of 26.51mm was observed during 2012. The average lengths of M.casta in all the three different estuaries studied were as follows: 27.15 > 25.82 > 25.04 mm in 2011 and 26.51 > 25.88 > 25.17mm in 2012. A maximum average weight of 7.824 and 7.155g was observed during 2011 and in 2012; a maximum weight of 7.528g and minimum of 6.941g was recorded uniformly in all the three different estuaries. However, in 2011and 2012 a maximum and minimum of average length of 26.86, 25.10 mm, and average weight of 7.67 and 7.05g respectively were noticed in both Vellar and Uppanar estuaries of M.casta. the present investigation, it is clearly observed that M.casta can grow a weight of 0.13g/day and length of 0.122mm/day among the three different estuaries studied in the Cuddalore district which is located in Bay of Bengal.
Grain size studies of sediments from beaches in the region from Mandapam to Kanyakumari, divided into 5 sectors, indicate that sediments are unimodal to polymodal in nature, coarse to fine grained, moderately to poorly sorted, and positively-negatively skewed in character. The inference to be drawn from these studies is that the variation in sedimentological parameters is governed by fluvial input, wave dynamics, and littoral transport of the sediments. Bivariant plots show that the Mandapam and Kanyakumari sectors can be classified as beach environments, whereas the Tuticorin and Valinokkam sectors come under the influence of riverine environments and the dune environment in the Manappad sector. The CM pattern of all five sectors shows a clustered distribution of sediments in the PQ and QR segments, indicating a graded mode of deposition. Visher diagrams depict a wave shadow environment for the Mandapam sector, whereas the Valinokkam, Tuticorin and Manappad sectors show double saltation populations characteristic of beaches, and the Kanyakumari sector is characterized by a more truncated population characteristic of a plunge zone, which is a high-energy environment.
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