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The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis of Taenia taeniaeformis is described for the first time by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mature testes contain all stages of spermatogenesis; primary spermatogonia are usually situated at the periphery and mature spermatozoa in the centre of testes. The general process is similar to that described in other cestodes. Six incomplete, synchronic cytokineses occur: four mitotic and two meiotic cell divisions. All these divisions occur simultaneously, resulting in a rosette cluster of four tertiary spermatogonia, then eight quaternary spermatogonia, and subsequently sixteen primary spermatocytes. All of these enter into a growth period and their enlarged nuclei move to the periphery of cells of the rosettes. The first meiotic division forms thirty-two secondary spermatocytes and after the second meiotic division, there are sixty-four spermatids. Spermiogenesis in T. taeniaeformis corresponds to the Ba and Marchand’s Type 3 and begins with the formation of a differentiation zone in the form of a conical projection of cytoplasm delimited by a ring of arching membranes and surrounded by submembranous cortical microtubules. Within this area, there are two centrioles, orthogonally disposed, and vestigial striated rootlets. Only one of the centrioles develops a flagellum that grows externally to the cytoplasmic extension. Posteriorly, a flagellar rotation inferior to 90° occurs and the flagellum becomes parallel to the cytoplasmic extension. Later, the two processes fuse during the so-called proximodistal fusion. The nucleus elongates and moves into the cytoplasmic extension. In the final stage of spermiogenesis, a single crested body appears at the base of the differentiating spermatozoon. Finally, the ring of arching membranes constricts and the young spermatozoon detaches from the residual cytoplasm. Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis are compared with that of other cestodes studied to date, particularly of the family Taeniidae.
Strobilocercus (Cysticercus) fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaeformis, in the liver of a two-year- -old male pet rat has been described. A bladder containing the larva was filled with translucent, opalescent fluid. On opening the cyst, a coiled, 8-centimeter-long larva with an intussuscepted scolex was found. The elongated cestode had a juvenile segmentation and a vesiculiform caudal region. Histopathology of liver sections revealed deposits of bile pigments in plasma of the liver cells (icterus) and extensive degenerative changes in liver lobes adjacent to the cyst wall. Maturating in the rat, the bladder mechanically damaged the liver by pressing on the bile duct and thus causing icterus, whereas the secreted toxins damaged hepatic cells (steatosis hepatis). The diagnosis in naturally infected rats is usually difficult and not applied in practice.
Background. The aim of the study was to examine the parasite fauna of rodents living in natural environment, but in close contact with human seats (small village at the area of the natural big forest). Material and methods. 169 rodents from family Arvicolidae and Muridae were examined. The material comprised: Microtus arvalis -5 specimens, Mus musculus - 131, Apodemus silvaticus - 9, Apodemus flavicollis - 8, Apodemus agrarius – 14 and Micromys minutus - 2 specimens, collected between April 2003 and July 2004. Results. The examination of some internal organs (alimentary tract, liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, body cavity) revealed the occurence of 8 helminth species: 3 species of Cestoda (Paranoplocephala macrocephala, Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia taeniaeformis) and 5 species of Nematoda (Heterakis spumosa, Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata, Heligmosomoides polygyrum, Mastophorus muris), all in the alimentary tract (including liver). The helminth fauna of every rodent species was determined, as well as seasonal dynamics of their frequency. It was stated that only the species which realize the complex life cycle undergo some seasonal fluctuations of their abundance. Additionally the distribution of particular helminth species along the alimentary tract of their hosts was described.
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