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1

Sexual dimorphism in size of the skull of Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica

100%
Fandos P., Vigal C. R.
Acta Theriologica
|
1993
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tom 38
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nr 1
Sexual dimorphism in the skull of Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 is analyzed by means of univariate and multivariate techniques in one of the most representative populations of the species, located in the Sierra de Gredos, central Spain. Thirty eight measurements were used for the analysis: 30 of the skull and mandible, and 8 of the horn. Eighty three skulls (40 males and 43 females) of individuals older than 4 years were used. In 36 out of the 38 variables males were significantly larger than females. Horn characters showed the highest variability and also the most significant differences between sexes. Values of Mahalanobis distance between males and females were high (D2 = 323.1). When Factor Analysis is performed with the whole set of 38 variables, 7 Principal Factors were extracted, scores of Principal Factor 2 (related with horn variables) and Principal Factor 3 {related to molar toothrow length) showing significant differences between sexes. In this analysis, horn characters (Principal Factor 2) accumulate the sexual dimorphism of other skull traits. However, if the same analysis is performed without horn characters, 5 Principal Factors were extracted, scores of three Principal Factors showing significant differ­ences between sexes. Highest sexual dimorphism in this analysis corresponds to the Principal Factor 3 (molar toothrow), follow the Principal Factor 2 (posterior region of the skull) and Principal Factor 1 (main length measurements). This suggest that the high degree of sexual dimorphism observed in the Spanish ibex skull is mainly related to horn traits and, to a lesser extent, of other skull features like molar toothrow length.
2

Population dynamics of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica in Sierra Nevada Natural Park [Southern Spain]

100%
Perez J. M., Granados J. E., Soriguer R. C.
Acta Theriologica
|
1994
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tom 39
|
nr 3
The whole area of distribution of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 population of Sierra Nevada Natural Park was surveyed for the first time during July-August 1993 and the densities were estimated by using the line transects method. A mean density of 7.69 ± 0.50 ibexes/km2 was obtained, with sex ratio (males/ /females) of 0.80 and kids/adult females rate of 0.39. Data on size and composition of groups and on altitudinal distribution are also included. The demographic trend of ibexes in Sierra Nevada during last 30 years is reconstructed on the basis of data referred to the National Game Reserve, located within our study area.
3

Diet selection by Spanish ibex in early summer in Sierra Nevada

100%
Martinez T.
Acta Theriologica
|
2000
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tom 45
|
nr 3
Feeding strategy of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 was compared in two altitudinal zones of the Sierra Nevada, the high zone between 2700 and 3300 m a.s.l. and the mid-altitude zone between 2000 and 2700 m a.s.l. The study was carried out in July, and primarily focused on diet selection. Food availability, diet composition, species selection indices, and the effect of plant availability and chemical composition on diet selection in each zone were analysed. In the high zone, the availability of herbaceous resources was much greater than that of woody species, while in the mid-altitude zone, both resource types were almost equally abundant. Resource availability in both zones had a 36% index of similarity. Herbaceous plants were the predominant dietary component in both zones, and diet similarity was 51%. The greater similarity found between the two diet compositions than between the two resource availabilities revealed preferences for common species in both zones. The Spanish ibex selected food items with moderate levels in diet composition, a degree of quality (high protein content and digestibility) and moderate availability. In the high zone, the ibex selected its diet according to the protein content, while in the mid-altitude zone the food choice was mainly influenced by availability. Spatial heterogeneity probably influenced the difference detected in terms of the feeding strategy used in each area.
4

Summer feeding strategy of Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica and domestic sheep Ovis aries in South-Eastern Spain

80%
Martinez T.
Acta Theriologica
|
2002
|
tom 47
|
nr 4
The feeding strategies of the Spanish ibex Capra pyrenaica Schinz, 1838 and sheep Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 during summer in the alpine area of Sierra Nevada in south-eastern Spain were compared. The degree of vegetation use by the two ungulates, food availability, diet composition, species selection indices and the effect of plant availability and chemical composition on diet selection were analysed. The available biomass of herbaceous and woody resources was 87 and 13%, respectively. The degree of use was 15% for herbaceous vegetation and 10.3% for woody vegetation. The most used species were those with moderate amounts in diet composition of both ruminants. The main plant groups consumed by Spanish ibex were graminoids (57.5%), shrubs (20.5%) and chamaephytes (14.3%). Sheep consumed graminoids (41.6%), forbs (32.3%) and chamaephytes (20.9%). There was a significant correlation between the two diets, with an overlap of 56.3%. The highest indices of selection were found in items with moderate-low availability and which comprised moderate levels in the diet composition of the two species. Spanish ibex mainly selected diet according to availability, while sheep selection depended on protein content. The ibex consumed cell wall-rich resources such as grasses and shrubs, while the sheep consumed higher quality feed and includes more forbs in its diet.
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