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The subject of research were weathering soils differentiated typologically, developed from granite-gneiss. They were localized at different altitudes in the Śnieżnik Mountain. The analysed soils showed an acid and strongly acid reaction. The exchange and hydrolytic acidity was different depending on the altitude of the soil above sea level (a.s.l.). The degree of sorption complex saturation with basic cations in podzolic soil situated 1425 m a.s.l. was very low and ranged between 10-15 %. In brown soil situated 650 m a.s.l. the sorption complex saturation with bases was higher and amounted to 40 %. Also the botanic content of the undergrowth was analysed, and it differed depending on the altitude. In the plant group of the brown soil among grasses prevailed Agrostis vulgaris, among the Papilionaceae occurred Trifolium pratense and Vicia tetrasperma, as well as herbs and weeds. In the botanic composition of the strongly acid podzolic soil situated in cooler and more humid climatic conditions prevailed Festuca ovina, accompanied by herbs and weeds.
The first regional list of threatened lichens in the Polish East Sudetes is presented. The list is a result of investigation studied in the Śnieżnik Massif and the Bialskie Mountains. The status of listed lichen species has been evaluated according to the Red List Categories by IUCN (2001, version 3.1). The data obtained were compared with historical ones. Changes of the species main frequency were used as an additional indicator of their threat status. The Red List includes 227 taxa of lichens, which constitute 50% of the local biota and 14% of Polish biota. The status of threatened biota has the following categories: Regionally Extinct (RE) 78 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) 12, Endangered (EN) 14, Vulnerable (VU) 8, Near Threatened (NT) 30, Least Concern (LC) 15 and Data Deficient (DD) 70. The most threatened are epiphytes typical of deciduous forests.
The paper describes locality of Orchis militaris newly discovered in the Śnieżnik Massif (the Sudetes, Lower Silesia). Until the year 2010 the species has not been observed in south-western Poland for 31 years. The single flowering specimen of the orchid was found in the worked-out quarry near Kletno. In spite of a detailed search, other specimens or leaf rosettes were not observed. Both the historical range of Orchis militaris in Lower Silesia and its current localities in adjacent parts of the Czech Republic are analyzed in this paper. The newly found locality of Orchis militaris probably developed from diaspores of populations in northern Moravia. The locality is seriously threatened by anthropogenic pressure. Therefore a regular monitoring to determine the possibility of its persistence in this area is required.
A list of 154 lichen species recorded up to now in the Kleśnica Stream Valley (Śnieżnik Massif, Sudety Mts.) is presented. As a result of the present investigations, 111 taxa growing on various substrata: trees, calcareous and siliceous rocks, soil, mosses and plant debris have been found. Some of them, e.g. Anaptychia ciliaris, Melanelia glabra, Parmelina quercina, Ramalina fastigiata and Solorina saccata are very rare or threatened in Poland.
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