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The influence of powdered fruits of Foeniculum capillaceum Gilib. on the fecundity of Sitophilus oryzae was examined. The powder was added in paper bags to the rearing of the insects to prevent a direct contact. The significant reduction of the fecundity of females was recorded. The sequent effect of activity of the powder was also observed. It resulted in the decrease of the fecundity of offspring generation - F2 reared on wheat gains without the powder.
The effects of powdered herbs (lavender Lavandula officinalis L., peppermint Mentha piperita L. and basil Ocimium basilicum L.) added to the food substances of three insect species: the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) on the life span and development of the three insect species as well as habitat conditions, sex structure, and the survivability of males and females were considered. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity (RH) 60 ±5%. In all the studied populations, high female mortality was found (♂/♀ < 1). The studied populations were: the rice weevil and the lesser grain borer cultured in wheat grain with herb additions, and the saw-toothed grain beetle cultured in semolina with herb additions. Among the herbs used, peppermint caused a significant effect in the form of increased mortality rates among females of S. oryzae and O. surinamensis. Lavender and basil had a similar impact among R. dominica females. The herbs applied in the experiments intensified the mortality of females and, consequently, led to the disappearance of entire populations.
The essential oils of Zingiber officinale rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) and Piper cubeba berries (Piperaceae) as well as pure compounds, α-pinene and β-caryophyllene, were evaluated for their contact toxicity, persistence of insecticidal and antifeeding activities against T. castaneum and S. oryzae. β-Caryophyllene showed highest toxicity followed by P. cubeba, Z. officinale and α-pinene against both insects. S. oryzae was more sensitive than T. castaneum to both essential oils and pure compounds. α-pinene had least persistence followed in increasing order by β-caryophyllene while Z. officinale and P. cubeba essential oils showed same trends regarding persistence but more than pure compounds. In antifeedant assay, both essential oils and pure compounds exhibited antifeedant activities against T. castaneum and S. oryzae adults. Feeding deterrency was maximum in both insects by P. cubeba essential oil followed by Z. officinale essential oil, β-caryophyllene and α-pinene.
The combined impact of microwave radiation and cold storage on Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Sitophilus oryzae L. adults either continuously or intermittently was evaluated. The insects were exposed to 2 450 MHz at power level of 100 W for exposure time 10 min, continuously and intermittently. In all experiments, the highest rate of mortality was achieved for exposure time 10 min intermittently and 72 h cold storage duration. Intermittent exposures were generally more effective in killing insects of both species compared with those of continuous irradiation. Combinations of microwave radiation and cold storage were found highly compatible and synergistic. The synergistic interaction indicates that microwave radiation can be used with cold storage for management of T. castaneum and S. oryzae adult developmental stage. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.
Sitophilus oryzae L. was bred on wheat grains with different doses of ground Foeniculum vulgare fruit powder. The powder added lowered the fertility of Sitophilus not only in the generation exposed to it but also in the succeeding generation (F1) bred with no Foeniculum vulgare powder added.
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