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Comparison ofmeat quality of the Polish Red-and-White and Simmental young bulls. The experiment used meat from 16 bulls of the Polish Red-and-White (ZR) (n=8) and Simmental (SM) (n=8) breeds. Samples of the longissimus lumborum muscle (MLL) were analyzed for basic chemical composition and fatty acid profile of intramuscular fat. Physicochemical and organoleptic properties of meat were evaluated. No differences were found in basic chemical composition of the meat. Intramuscular fat from ZR bulls had a notably lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but a more favorable n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in MLD than meat from Simmental breed. Sensory assessment showed that meat from the conservation breed received higher scores due to greater juiciness, more delicate texture and better aroma.
The protein composition and technological traits were investigated in Simentaler milk with genetic variants A or B of ß-lactoglobulin (ß-LG). Data were included from 78 cows from 3 dairy farms. Genotypes of ß-LG were determined by applying horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis with addition of urea and mercaptoethanol. In addition, fat, crude protein (CP), true protein (TP), casein (CN), whey protein (WP), non-protein nitrogen (NPN), lactose and calcium (Ca) content, casein number (CNno) and rennetability of milk from Slimental breed were examinated. The method of last squares means using the general linear model (GLM) was used for statistical analysis of data. The model included heard and genotypes of ß-LG as fixed effects. The genotypes of ß-LG had no significant association with fat, CP and TP content, while CN and WP content and CNno were significantly affected by the genotypes of ß-LG. The BB genotype of ß-LG was significantly associated with higher CN content and CNno. The positive effect of the allele B of ß-LG on rennetability was found out.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two feeding systems (TMR - group I, pasture - group II) on physicochemical properties of milk, its suitability for making rennet cheese and butter, and sensory properties of these products. The study was conducted with second and third lactation Simmental cows between 30 and 200 days of lactation. Total milk yield for the lactation period was 6000 litres. Somatic cell count during the study was considerably higher in group I (350 thous-mf on average) than in group II (250 thous.-mlˉ¹ on average). During the study milk samples for chemical analyses were collected once a month. Milk of group II cows was characterised by lower active and potential acidity, higher ethanol stability, and greater tolerance to heat treatment. Rennet-induced clotting time was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for milk of group II cows (202 sec) compared to that of group I cows (248 sec). Sensory evaluation showed that group II milk was characterised by better taste, more intense (p<0.05) aroma, better consistency and significantly (p<0.05) more intense yellow colour, which received a higher score. Rennet cheese yield per 10 l of milk was similar in both groups; however, cheese made from the pasture group milk had a more compact clot. The organoleptic evaluation showed that cheese from group II had a significantly (p<0.05) more intense colour (4.73 vs. 4.07 pts), better consistency (4.87 vs. 4.00 pts) as well as better taste (4.87 vs. 4.20) and aroma (4.73 vs. 4.47) when compared to group I. Immediately after production, butter made from milk of pasture-fed cows had considerably better fat parameters. Butter fat from group II was characterised by a higher iodine number, which measures fat unsaturation level. The higher unsaturated fatty acid content contributed to a decrease in solidification and melting points of fat and to more intense lipolytic and oxidative processes, as evidenced by the higher acid number, peroxide value and TBA value. At the beginning of storage, butter produced from milk of group II cows received significantly (p<0.05) higher scores for colour and consistency as well as higher (p<0.05) scores for aroma and taste. At 30 days of storage no differences were observed between the groups. The results of the present experiment show that pasture feeding has a positive effect on the processing suitability, of milk and the sensory properties of rennet cheese and butter, but the produced butter is more susceptible to undesirable changes during storage.
The research material consisted of 101 primiparous cows born from Chaloraise sires. Cows were divided into four genotype groups: 1) pure-bred Charolaise, 2) crossbreds with 75% Charolaise and 25% Black-and-White, 3) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Black-and- -White, 4) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Simmental.An analysis of the body weight of primiparous cows and calves at weaning was performed. The measurements of the height at withers, hip height and chest girth were taken and the assessment of conformation, size and production traits was carried out. The crossbred cows obtained results similar to or somewhat worse than those for the pure-bred Charolaise cows. The obtained results indicate that cows crossbred with Black-and-White breed are a very good material for the production of beef calves with the fattening traits similar to those of the beef breed used for absorptive crossing or the crossbred cows of pure beef breeds.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various concentrations of cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) in Bioexcell® extender on the spermatozoa quality of Simmental bulls. The semen was collected from 12 bulls by means of an artificial vagina. Vitamin B₁₂ at concentrations of 1.50, 2.50, 3.50, and 5.00 mg/mL was added to bovine Bioexcell® extender. The semen aliquots were cooled and preserved at 4°C. Their quality was evaluated during pre-freezing, and then the cooled semen samples were packaged into 0.25 ml straws. The straws were frozen in the vapor of liquid nitrogen, and stored at -196ºC in a container. The straws were thawed one day later, and the characteristics of spermatozoa were examined. The results showed that the effect of vitamin B₁₂ on the viability, DNA fragmentation and motility of spermatozoa was significant under both pre- and post-freezing conditions (p <0.05), and revealed that supplementation of the extender with B₁₂ improved the post-thaw spermatozoa quality in bulls.
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