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Enzymy o rozszerzonym spektrum działania (ESBL) wśród klinicznych szczepów pałeczek z rodzaju Serratia wykrywano metodą dwóch krążków (w niewielkiej modyfikacji). Badania wykazały, że 57,7% szczepów dawało reakcję dodatnią.
Właściwości hydrofobowe drobnoustrojów są jednym z ważnych niespecyficznych czynników adhezji, która ma znaczenie w namnażaniu mikroorganizmów na stałych powierzchniach. W niniejszej pracy wykazano wpływ warunków hodowli na zmianę właściwości hydrofobowych powierzchni komórek pałeczek Serratia sp.
Zdolność wytwarzania hemolizyn i proteaz może mieć znaczenie w patogenezie zakażeń o etiologii Serratia sp. W pracy wykazano, że bez względu na warunki hodowli wysoki odsetek szczepów rodzaju Serratia wytwarzał enzymy proteolityczne.
A total of 372 Ixodes ricinus ticks (101 females, 122 males, and 149 nymphs) collected by flagging in 6 mixed woodlands of eastern Poland were examined by culture for the presence of internal Gram-negative bacteria other than Borrelia burgdorferi. Adult ticks were examined in pools of 2 specimens each and nymphs were examined in pools of 3-5 specimens each. Ticks were disinfected in 70% ethanol and homogenized in 0.85% NaCl. The diluted homogenate was inoculated onto 3 kinds of agar media: buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE-?) for isolation of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria, eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) for isolation of enterobacteria, and tryptic soya agar for isolation of all other non-fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. The Gram-negative isolates were identified with the API Systems 20E and NE microtests. A total of 9 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified, of which the commonest were strains determined as Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, which were isolated on BCYE-? agar from ticks collected in all 6 examined woodlands. The total number of these strains (49) exceeded the total number of all other strains of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from ticks (30). Of the total number of examined ticks, the minimum infection rate with Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica was highest in females (18.8%), and slightly lower in males (12.3%) and nymphs (10%). Besides Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, the following species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from examined ticks: Pantoea agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, Serratia plymuthica on EMB agar and Aeromonas hydrophila, Burkholderia cepacia, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on tryptic soya agar. Minimal infection rates with these bacteria were low, ranging from 0.7-5.9%. Of the isolated bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum, Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens are potentially pathogenic for man and/or animals. In particular, the common occurrence of Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica in Ixodes ricinus ticks poses a potential risk of pasteurellosis for humans and animals exposed to tick bites.
The aim of the study was to present the reasons for the emergence and an overview of new bacterial infections in freshwater fish diagnosed in Poland over the last several years. One of the main reasons is ecological changes in freshwater ecosystems as a result of the degradation of these environments. The progressive degradation of these ecosystems is largely due to human activity associated with the development of civilization, which results in the production of greater amounts of sewage of different origin. Also some factors independent of human activity have a major influence of degradation and variability in freshwater environments; for example climate change, geographical conditions and the effects of natural disasters. In fish farming conditions, additional factors contributing to the emergence of new diseases/pathogens are the use of antibiotics and disinfectants. Moreover, the introduction of new fish species carries many risks. For several or even a dozen years, some new infections in freshwater fish cultured in Poland have been diagnosed. They are caused by bacteria which were not previously known as fish pathogens, or infections formerly diagnosed in many other countries, while in Poland they emerged relatively recently. The first group includes infections caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii, A. johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens. Both cyprinids as well as salmonids fish cultured in Poland are sensitive to these infections. Among these microorganisms, S. putrefaciens are most frequently diagnosed, causing losses of up to 20% of the infected population. The second group includes bacteria from the genera Serratia and Streptococcus. These microorganisms primarily affect salmonids. In the case of infections Serratia spp, losses may reach up to 35%. In populations of fish infected with Streptoccoccus spp. losses are between 5% and 15%. Data presented in this article suggest the need for a new approach by diagnosticians to identify fish diseases. Currently, laboratory diagnosis must take into account not only the presence of bacteria well known as pathogens of fish as potential etiological factors of disease, but also those less well-known in Poland or completely new ones.
The effect of inoculating single cultures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on development of white beans seedling (Phaseolus vulgaris) was analyzed. Five PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere of Okra plants and were assessed for abilities to solubilise phosphate and produce indole acetic acid (IAA). The phosphate solubilising index ranged from 6-10 while the concentration of IAA ranged from 17.48mg/l to 27.43mg/l. Serratia sp. produced the highest concentration of IAA (27.43mg/l) and had the highest solubilisation index (10mm). Bacillus sp. produced the least amount of IAA (17.48mg/l) while Staphylococcus sp. had the least solubilisation index (6mm). The highest percentage germination of 83.3% was observed in the seedling inoculated with Bacillus sp. The effect of PGPR on root and shoot elongation was studied hydroponically for 7 days. Significant increases (P< 0.05) in root elongation were observed.. The highest seedling root length (18.47cm) and shoot length (19.17cm) were observed with inoculation of Staphylococcus sp. and Bacillus sp. respectively. The use of these bacteria as bio-inoculants could be a sustainable practice to facilitate nutrient supply to white beans seedlings.
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