The taxonomy of porcine intestinal spirochete isolates is defective, and thus it is of great interest to find methods suitable for use in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic strains of this microorganism. The purpose of the present study was to establish properties suitable to differentiate porcine Serpulina isolates. Biochemical properties of 163 field isolates and reference strains isolated from dogs have been determined. In order to differentiate S. hyodysenteriae, S. hyodysenteriae biotype II and S. innocens it is necessary to use physiological tests (hemolysis) and biochemical tests (indole production, sugar fermentation, API ZYM) and serological tests (precipitation, microagglutination, to a lesser extent growth inhibition test) with specific cross absorbed antisera. All strains of S. hyodysenteriae were characterized by indole production, about 10% of the strains fermented fructose, but did not ferment mannitol and did not produce galactosidase and β-glucuronidase. Less than 50% of the strains of S. hyodysenteriae biotype II produced indole, not many fermented mannitol, all isolates produced phosphoamidase, while not many isolates produced α-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase. Strains of S. innocens were characterized by a lack of indole production, all fermented mannitol, not numerous produced phosphoamidase, all produced α-galactosidase and about 50 % of strains produced β-glucuronidase. Strains of S. hyodysenteriae and S. hyodysenteriae biotype II mostly belong to serotype two and they did not react with antisera for S. innocens. In order to improve routine laboratory diagnostics of swine dysentery the authors suggest performing tests for hemolytic activity, indole production, API ZYM test and, if possible, serological typing.
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