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The paper is concerned with the pathogenicity of four isolates of Seimatosporium hypericinum towards the leaves, stems and seeds of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). The conidial spores of the tested fungus isolates growing on a glucose-potato nutrient medium were used in inoculation of the seeds stratified at the temperature of 0°C and disinfected superficially. The infection suspension contained 10" conidia/1 ml of sterile distilled water. The leaves and stems were infected through the injured and non-injured epidermis. The infection material consisted of 3 mm rings of the mycelium from 14-day-old sporulating cultures of the examined isolates of S. hypericinum. Artificially infected and control seeds and leaves were kept in moisture chambers at temperatures of 27°C and 22°C, respectively. Inoculation of the stems of St. John's wort took place in a climatic chamber. Positive results of reisolation of S. hypericinum from the artificially infected leaves and stems showed a possibility of infecting those parts by the tested isolates of the fungus. On the other hand, it was not possible to reisolate the fungus cultures from the artificially infected seeds of St. John's wort.
Acta Agrobotanica
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2002
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tom 55
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nr 1
401-410
The present study deals with effects of the air temperature, and the type of medium on the growth and form morfological structures of six Seimatosporium hypericinum isolates tested. St Jonh's Wort extract agar, St Jonh's Wort plant agar and PDA, oatmeal agar has been recognized as most useful for growth and sporulation of S. hypericinum. Mineral agar, appeared the least useful for growth and form acervuli and conidia. S. hypericinum can develop in a wide range of temperature, but the optimum one for the growth and sporulation of the fungus vary between 20°C and 28°C.
Biological activity of chitosan in the form of a microcrystalline gel and of a hydrogel, as well as the activity of grapefruit extract were evaluated in vitro by means of measuring the growth inhibition and formation of morphological structures of four isolates of Seimatospo- rium hypericinum, obtained from leaves and stems of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). In addition, the effect of acybenzolar S-methyl was tested in climatic chamber conditions, when plants inoculated by S. hypericinum were protected. The studies carried out in vitro showed that both chitosan and grapefruit extract inhibited growth of pathogen colonies significantly. The studies confirmed the protective effect of chitosan, grapefruit extract and acybenzolar S-methyl in the case of St. John's wort plants inoculated by S. hypericinum. Chitosan and grapefruit extract proved to be the most effective when used preventively.
The object of the research work was an isolate of S. hypericinum D 1224, as well as ten fungicides belonging to different chemical groups. The studies on the toxic effect were conducted in vitro by means of poisoning the media with the use of 1, 10 and 100 μg a.i./cm3 of the tested preparations. The obtained results showed that the compounds of thiophanatemethyl and triadimephon caused complete inhibition of the growth of S. hypericinum, when the dose of 10 and 100 μg a.i./cm3 was used, while in the case of mancozeb the effective dose was 100μg a.i./cm3. These compounds, as well as trifloxystrobin, can be therefore regarded as a prospective means of limiting growth and development of S. hypericinum and protecting St. John’s wort from this pathogen. The effect of the other compounds on S. hypericinum was less toxic.
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