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The variability of water runoff and fluvial transport in the upper Wieprz River catchment (300.3 km2 ) in Central Roztocze region is presented, based on results of daily measurements in Guciów from the period of 1996–2016. The study period was characterised by high variability of annual precipitation totals – from 563.2 mm (2003) to 932.9 mm (2010), with the mean annual value of 735 mm. Mean annual discharge flow in the Wieprz River ranged from 0.91 m³ ·s⁻¹ (1996) to 2.27 m³ ·s⁻¹ (2010), and extreme discharge values varied from 0.5 m³ ·s⁻¹ (1996) to 13.1 m³ ·s⁻¹ (2005). The variability of annual, monthly, and extreme discharges was moderate. The specific runoff index amounted to 4.5 dm³ ·s⁻¹ · km⁻², and it varied from 3.0 dm³ ·s⁻¹ · km⁻² to 7.6 dm³ ·s⁻¹ · km⁻². The mean annual runoff of the Wieprz River in Guciów amounted to 142 mm, with the variability in the range between 95 and 239 mm in particular years. The runoff regime showed features of nival type, moderately developed. The dynamics of transport of solutions and suspensions corresponded to seasonal and annual changes in the runoff of the Wieprz River. Mean annual fluvial transport varied from 7.8 · 103 t (1996 and 2004) to 18.0 · 103 t (2010), whereas transport of solutions constituted 89–97% of the total flux. The mechanical and chemical denudation indices calculated for the catchment amounted to 2.4 and 36.1 t · km⁻² per year, respectively. In spite of the evident increasing trend in annual atmospheric precipitation totals, water runoff did not increase, contrary to forecasts, whereas fluvial transport, particularly that of suspensions, showed a tendency of a slight decrease.
The paper presents a systematic list of vascular plant species recorded at 78 cemeteries in the Roztocze region and surrounding areas. 543 species belonging to 75 families were recorded. Of these, 99 foreign and 43 native species were cultivated. 41 species introduced by humans to cemeteries can be regarded as the so-called established cemetery species. These species, once planted on graves, continue to grow or even spread after people stopped cultivating them.
Alder (Alnus Mill.), as an anemophilous species, produces large quantities of easily dispersed pollen. Annual pollen sums recorded in south-eastern Poland (by the volumetric method – Lanzoni trap) and in the area of the village of Guciów in the Central Roztocze region (pollen deposition in Tauber traps) were compared. The height at which the respective trap sites were located as well as local and regional vegetation and the distance from the nearest alder communities differ in both cases, likewise, the climate of these two regions differ. The analysed pollen data series cover the years 1998-2007 in Roztocze and 2001-2007 in Lublin. Large differences have been noted in Alnus pollen deposition values between particular years. Among them, there were observed years of very high annual sums (2001, 2003, 2006), as well as years of very low pollen deposition values in both regions (2002, 2005, 2007). In the period in question, the mean value of annual Alnus pollen count for Lublin was 5372 alder pollen grains in m3 of air, and in Roztocze 1647 grains per cm2 of area. During the seven-year period of monitoring (2001-2007), very similar trends were noted with respect to airborne alder pollen concentrations at both trap sites. Pollen data have been analysed against meteorological factors affecting alder pollen production and deposition. These are total precipitation and mean monthly air temperature in June, July and August in the year preceding pollen emission and the same weather elements in January and February in the year of pollen emission. In Roztocze a statistically signifi cant negative correlation has been found between Alnus pollen annual sums and total precipitation in August in the year preceding alder pollen emission and in February in the year of pollen emission. In both regions, the Spearman’s correlation coeffi cient does not show any statistically signifi cant values when comparing annual Alnus pollen sums with mean monthly temperatures of both January and February and summer months in the year preceding alder pollen emission.
This paper present the results of investigations of the level of contamination by radioactive isotopes of grass and soil of the Polish and Ukrainian Roztocze area. Heavy metal contents in soil were also measured. The highest level of radioactivity was found in the Northwestern part of Roztocze which may be explained by the close vicinity of industrial centers. The presence of caesium gave from 0.6 to 22% of the total soil activity at Polish side and from 1.5 to 11% at Ukrainian. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant failure is the main source of radioactive contamination of soil. For most samples 100% of this caesium came from this source. The mean 4nK contents made 57% of the total radioactivity in Polish Roztocze and 54% in Ukrainian. Radionuclides of thorium and uranium series gave 20 to 35% of total activity. The activity of 4(,K in grass gave about 80% of the total radioactivity in Polish Roztocze and 73% in Ukrainian. Other radioisotopes present in grass are mainly 7Be and 137Cs. Heavy metal contents in plough land soil universally, except two points, do not exceed acceptable levels.
Pollen deposition of alder has been measured at ground level by means of nine modified Tauber traps in different plant communities according to rules of the Pollen Monitoring Programme (http://pmp.oulu.fi). The series of data covers the period 1998-2006. The area under investigation is situated in the Roztocze (surroundings of the Guciów village) within the protective zone of the Roztocze National Park. During nine years of monitoring, significant variations were observed between single years of deposition. The occurrence of peak years (1998, 2001, 2003 and 2006) connected with higher production of Alnus pollen was observed at many pollen monitoring sites, but its relationship with different proportions of alder within the surrounding vegetation seems rather weak. The average value of annual pollen deposition of Alnus for the whole region was calculated at ca. 1370 grains · cm⁻². At the sites situated within the open landscape, pollen influx values ranged from 442 (in 2005) to 6894 (in 1998). It seems that other factors than the proportion of alder within the vegetation control the deposition of Alnus pollen. Long-distance transport and meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction should be taken into account in future studies.
Our research was conducted in two different mire habitats – in the minerotrophic and ombrotrophic mires adjoining the lakes (LM) of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland and in the eutrophic and calcium-rich mires of the river valleys (RM) of the Roztocze Highlands region (both study regions in Eastern Poland). The study aimed to evaluate (1) the position of mire phytocoenoses in the environmental gradient – from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic ones, (2) the influence of the species and life-form composition of plant communities on the density of bryophytes, and (3) the quantitative and sociological relations between the density of vascular plants and bryophytes. Phytosociological relevés (180) were made in six lakeland mires and in four river valleys. The area of each phytosociological relevés (16–25 m²) represented species composition and vertical structure of communities. In the study of the relation vascular plants-bryophytes we took into consideration the following parameters: species abundance, cover of particular plant layers (trees, shrubs, herbs, bryophytes), and the number of species in particular life-form groups. In the LM the cover of particular layers was correlated negatively with the abundance of Sphagnum mosses. Betula pendula, B. pubescens and Frangula alnus overgrowing the LM affect negatively the abundance of some peat mosses. Less distinct relations were found between the tree density and bryophyte cover in the RM, but there is a positive correlation between the shrub cover and its predominant species – F. alnus – and the abundance of Polytrichum commune. Taking into account the relations between the herbaceous cover and the abundance of bryophytes, the dependencies are also less pronounced in the RM phytocoenoses. A negative effect of the herbaceous cover and its species richness on the abundance of P. commune was observed, as well as positive relation between the number of herbaceous species and the abundance of Calliergonella cuspidata. In the LM phytocoenoses, a negative correlation was found in the case of S. palustre, while in the case of Aulacomnium palustre and S. cuspidatum the relations were positive. Among herbaceous plants of LM habitats the biggest number of statistically significant correlations were observed for abundance of Carex lasiocarpa and different bryophytes, while in the RM habitats the correlations between the abundance of bryophyte and vascular plant layers are less distinct.
Adults of Balea fallax sampled monthly from the Roztocze Upland were dissected to examine the occurrence of uterine egg retention. Developing eggs were found in snails collected between May and August. In June more than 60% of the studied individuals were gravid, while in other months egg-retaining snails constituted less than 10% of the sample. The number of retained eggs ranged from 3 to 17 (mean 12.3) and was not related to the adult shell size. In June the majority of eggs contained shelled embryos (maximum shell size1.1 whorl). The reproduction mode of B. fallax is compared with those of other ovoviviparous clausiliids of Central Europe.
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