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Shoot tips from in vitro plants of four rose species were cryopreserved by the droplet vitrification method. Optimized conditions involved exposure to loading solution for 20 min, then treatment with plant vitrification solution (PVS2) for 20 min (Rosa agrestis, R. canina and R. dumalis) or 30 min (R. rubiginosa) followed by freezing in liquid nitrogen. Survival rate ranged from 78.3 to 95.1%, depending on the species. Regrowth rate of shoot tips was 50.5% for R. agrestis, 63.2% for R. rubiginosa, 71.4% for R. dumalis and 78% for R. canina. The preculture of donor plants in a medium with 0.25 цЫ sucrose facilitated the isolation of shoot tips and increased regrowth rate after cryopreservation. Plant regeneration was carried out in Murashige and Skoog medium with 1 цЫ 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.5 цЫ gibberellic acid and 0.087 M sucrose. Plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips did not display morphological alterations in comparison with non-cryopreserved shoot tip - derived plants.
Determining suitable sites for species is of great importance in the choice of plant species to be used for ecosystem restoration. The number of plant species to be used in restoration of degraded ecosystems is restricted by climate in arid and semi arid regions. Planting with economically important species in addition to ecological aspects is preferred by decision makers in Mediterrenian countries including Turkey. This study was addressed to determine the significant environmental factors influencing the distribution of dog rose hip (Rosa canina) and to obtain its distribution model. The study was carried out in an area of 26,400 km2 in The Inner Anatolia which has semiarid climate. 106 sample plots, 20 x 20 m in size, were selected from different sites with and without Rosa canina in the summer of 2007. Wilcoxon rank-sum statistic for continuous variables and Pearson Chi-square tests for categorical variables were applied. Altitude, slope degree, available water capacity, soil reaction and soil K, Ca, Mg content as well and total calcium carbonate amount as the continuous variables and northwest- northeast group of aspect, metamorphic group of bedrock as the categorical variables were determined as the significant factors influencing the presence of dog rose. Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was performed for modeling the distribution of the species. To obtain the best model, all significant environmental factors were evaluated. The best model result was obtained (training Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.902 and cross-validation AUC = 0.841) by means of altitude, slope degree, aspect, and bedrock. Interspecific correlation analysis (ICA) was applied to define indicator species accompanying the dog rose. Dog rose distribution was positively correlated with Cistus laurifolius, Pyrus elaeagnifolia, Lonicera caucasica subsp. orientalis, Quercus vulcanica and Amelanchier rotundifolia subsp. Rotundifolia. The results obtained from this study are crucial for estimation of the suitable areas for Dog rose in restoration studies of natural ecosystems in the Mediterranean region, including Anatolia in Turkey.
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Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural antioxidant, belonging to the group of polyphenolic compounds. It displays a broad spectrum of pro-health effects, ranging from the prevention of cancer to antiviral properties. It is present in many fruit from the rose family (Rosaceae): strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and walnuts as well as cranberries and grapes. The available literature states that the fruit of roses, in addition to their aesthetic and functional applications, also show therapeutic properties, which, among other things, are associated with a high content of polyphenols, including ellagic acid derivatives. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the content of free ellagic acid in the fruit of selected rose species. The test material consisted of freeze-dried sublimation and ground fruit from the following species of roses: R. canina, R. moyesii, R. pendulina. The fruit was separated into two fractions: flesh and seeds. Quantitative analysis of free ellagic acid was carried out by spectrofluorimetry. The free EA was present both in the flesh and in the seeds of the studied species of roses. Its content in the mentioned fractions varied depending on the species. The flesh of R. pendulina was characterised by the highest level of EA in free form (247.72 μg·g–1 of dry weight). The seeds of R. moyesii proved to be the most abundant in free EA (105.69 μg·g–1 of dry weight).
The objective of this study was to investigate the ranges of intra- and interindividual variability on the example of R. canina. For this purpose, four flowers were collected randomly (72 flowers in total)from 18 wild shrubs of R. canina growing in one population in Poznań (Poland)and then, from each flower, 50 correctly formed pollen grains (200 pollen grains per each individual)were selected. Inter- and intraindividual pollen grain variability was characterised based on 3600 pollen grains. They were analysed for seven quantitative features, i.e. length of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), thickness of the exine along the polar axis (Exp), length of ectocolpi (Le) and P/E, Exp/P, and Le/P ratios. Our study revealed highly significant differences among flowers of the particular R. canina individuals with respect to all pollen grain biometrical features. In addition, it showed that the assessment of the full range of variability in pollen grain biometric features within one individual (shrub)was more reliable if we examined several pollen grains from several flowers than for the same number of pollen grains derived from a single flower. We also found statistically significant differences among particular individuals in all pollen grain features. This proves that in order to well characterise a population of a given species from the point of view of palynology, the plant material should derive from a possibly numerous number of individuals (shrubs).
This study examined the potential of liquid wild dog rose (Rosa canina) seeds oil and solid seeds residue obtained after CO2 extraction in supercritical conditions to mitigate rumen methane production in vitro. Two experiments were carried out. The substrate comprised of a mixture of meadow hay and barley meal (60:40) for the control diets (CON1 in experiment with oil and CON2 in experiment with residue). The control diets were supplemented up to 5% in dry matter of rose seeds oil (RO) and 5% of rose seeds residue (RR). The following parameters were measured: pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids, ciliate protozoa and bacteria count, methane concentration and methanogens population. In the RO treatment a decrease in methane production and an increase in the Archea population were observed. In the RR treatment no change in methane production was reported, whereas some variations in protozoal populations were detected in relation to CON2. The potential to mitigate methane production was reported only in wild dog rose seeds oil treatment. Besides, no negative effect of wild dog rose seeds residue on rumen processes was stated, what may predispose this protein and fibre containing by-product to be utilized as ruminants dietary ingredient.
The following rose species: saltspray rose (Rosa rugosa) and wild rosa (Rosa canina) were subjected to the studies on primary host acceptance by rose-grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum). The results of performed observations in the estern part of Poland revealed that the species R. rugosa was more preferred as a primary host by rose-grain aphid as compared to R. canina. First fundatrices of M. dirhodum on saltspray rose were recorded in the end of March. The dynamic development of rose-grain aphid populations were observed in May, and its maximum was in the middle of the month. In the third decade of May, numerous alatae of M. dirhodum appeared to start a spring migration to summer secondary host plant.
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