Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 56

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  Rhopalosiphum padi
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Occurrence of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) on bird cherry (Prunus padus L.) was studied in Eastern Poland. First fundatrix of R. padi on P. padus were observed in the first decade of April. The bird cherry-oat aphid population developed on the primary host during May. Its maximum reached the peak density until the middle of May, and in the third decade of May numerous alatae were formed and spring migration of the aphid onto the summer hosts started.
The epicuticular wax is the contact point between plants and the environment and plays a crucial role in mediating biotic and abiotic interactions. The associations between the content of epicuticular waxes, on surface plants of winter triticale with their acceptance by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae and bird cherry -oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi were studied. In general, waxy genotype DED 1137 of winter triticale was less accepted by the cereal aphids than the wax less one (RAH 366). The waxy genotype decreased density of cereal aphids, prolonged maturity and decreased fecundity. Moreover, the comparison of abundance, development and fecundity of the aphid species on the triticale genotypes proved that tested genotypes differed in susceptibility to Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The importance of the epicuticular wax compounds in the acceptance of plants by the aphids is discussed. The results indicated that aphids fed on waxy plants showed longer time of the prereproductive period and much lower total fecundity. Furthermore, waxy genotype reduced value of the cumulative aphid index and percentage of infested plants.
Host specialization plays a central role in physiological diversification of aphids and plant-insect co-evolution. Different morphs of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) are specialized and locally adapted to both primary and secondary hosts. The abundance of bird cherry-oat aphid population was estimated using the technique of direct counting of aphid individuals infesting 50 randomly selected, fully expanded 1-year side shoots of bird cherry (approx. 40 cm long) grown in the Municipal Park „Aleksanria” in Siedlce (central-eastern Poland). Entomological observations were conducted during three consecutive vegetation seasons: 2001–2003. The impact of R. padi feeding on composition of free amino acids within leaves of its primary host (the bird cherry, Prunus padus L.), infested and uninfested by aphids were studied. Eight essential amino acids (Val, Thr, Phe, Ileu, Leu, Met, His and Lys) and seven non-essential amino acids (Asp, Glu, Pro, Ser, Ala, Gly and Tyr) were identified in the bird cherry-oat leaves with the use of highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation. There were quantitative differences in free amino acids content between the tested bird cherry-oat leaves (infested and uninfested by aphids). Levels of the free amino acids were decreased in leaves attacked by R. padi, and detailed analyses revealed about 20% decline in the content of studied components during maximal aphid abundance in comparison with non-infested leaves. Additionally, the feeding behavior of the bird cherry-oat aphid seasonal morphs (fundatrix, fundatrigeniae, alatae) on the primary host was investigated. Using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) we showed differences in feeding behavior of bird cherry-oat aphid morphs on primary host. The total probing time was greatest for fundatrigeniae among all studied morphs. These individuals spent more time during phloem sap ingestion then others. Adults of alatae were not active in the phloem sap ingestion on the bird cherry. Among the tested morphs xylem sap ingestion activity was greatest for alatae. It is hypothesized that rejection of primary host and subsequent the bird cherry-oat aphid migration onto secondary hosts may be stimulated by the decline in levels of free amino acids within primary host leaves caused by long-term R. padi feeding. Comparative analyses of the aphid probing behavior additionally proved that P. padus leaves possessed high nutritive value of food for non-winged morphs (early stages of aphid infestation), while not sufficient for winged alatae (terminal phase of infestation).
Effect of Bt maize MON 810 expressing Cry 1 Ab toxin on braconid Aphidius colemani in tritrophic plant - herbivore - parasitoid system was studied under greenhouse conditions by rearing the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) on genetically modified maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) and its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental of Monsanto Ltd. R. padi aphids reached higher population level when maintained on Bt-maize cultivar DKc 307 (MON 810) than on its isogenic parent cultivar - Monumental both in the winter and summer experiments. The braconid A. colemani developed higher population on R. padi aphid population feeding on Bt maize plants in the summer experiment and on non-Bt plants in the winter experiment. The observed effect of season on parasitation level by A. colemani on R. padi host feeding on Bt and non-Bt maize plants indicates that results obtained in a single greenhouse experiment may lead to questionable conclusions and should be confirmed by other experiments.
The activity of beta-cyanoalanine synthase and rhodanese within the tissues of the three generations of the bird cherry-oat aphid that are specialized to feed on the cyanogenic spring foliage of bird cherry was assessed. The order of beta-cyanoalanine synthase activity in the three aphid generations was: generation 1> generation 2> generation 3; whereas that of rhodanese was: generation 3> generation 1>generation 2. The possible role of the bird cherry – oat aphid enzymes in metabolizing dietary cyanide is discussed.
Changes in content of cyanogenic glycosides and in cyanogenesis potential within the bird cherry leaves during occurrence of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. and while its spring host-plants alternation have been studied. The highest content of the cyanogenic glycosides and the highest cyanogenesis potential was found in the youngest leaves of the primary host during occurrence of the first fundatrices. When the aphid population started to build up, a decrease in content of the cyanogenic glycoside and in the cyanogenesis potential was observed. Finally, when the winged migrants began to fly off from the primary host onto cereals, pretty low amount of the plant xenobiotics was recorded within the bird cherry leaves. Possible role of the cyanogenesis in host alternation of the bird cherry-oat aphid is discussed.
Phenoxy acids significantly increased the number of Sitobion avenae F. and Rhopalosiphum padi L.on wheat treated with Aminopielik D and Illoxan 36 EC. This herbicidal effect could be caused directly by derivatives of phenoxy acid or indirectly by altered metabolism of wheat plant.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.