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A new species of the subgenus Pseudacrobeles is described from apple orchard in Tehran province (Iran). Pseudacrobeles (Pseudacrobeles) iranicus sp. nov. is characterized by its body length (0.47-0.56 mm in females and 0.45 mm in male) and lateral field that includes three incisures fading out anterior to the phasmid in females and reaching almost to the tail terminus in males. It is further characterized by the lip region with six separate lips, and by labial probolae that are present as low ridges connecting the tips of adjacent lips and continued towards oral opening in a hexaradiate disc-shape, but by the absence of cephalic probolae; the pharyngeal corpus is cylindrical and 2.2-3.4 times longer than the isthmus, the excretory pore at the level of the isthmus; the spermatheca is 20-39 µm long, the postuterine sac is 0.9-1.6 times the corresponding body diameter long; the female tail is conical-elongate (64-75 µm, c=7.3-8.0, c’=5.0-5.6), with phasmids at 36-38% of its length, and the male tail conical-elongate having long mucro (55 µm, c=8.3, c’=3.4). In addition, P. (P.) macrocystis is described for the first time from Iran. Descriptions, measurements and illustrations, including SEM photographs, are provided for the two species.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different initial doses of the infective juveniles (IJs) (50 IJs, 200 IJs, 1000 IJs) of Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strain IsM15/09 on recovery, final yields and percent final yields in larvae Galleria mellonella ( L.). Percent recovery was not directly related to initial dose. Final yields also did not change with the initial dose. However, percent yields was highly negatively correlated with initial dose of nematodes and was the highest with the 50 IJs dose. Additional point of the study was to investigate whether the nematodes are able to produce progeny from one hermaphroditic individual. The results showed that the invasive larvae resumed growth and transformed into hermaphroditic individuals that reproduced without cross-fertilisation.
Due to importance and effectiveness of some entomopathogenic or insect parasitic nematodes in controlling of agricultural pests, or pests of non-agricultural plants, a study was conducted in order to identify the species of this group of nematodes in city of Tehran. As the result, three species belonging to the genus Oscheius were recovered in association with bark samples having the bark beetle galleries. Morphological and molecular data were provided for two recently recovered species of the genus, namely O. necromenus and O. onirici. Molecular data were also provided for a recently recovered isolate of O. tipulae. All three species were recovered in association with bark samples collected from dead trees in the city of Tehran. Morphological characters and morphometric data of the two aforementioned species are in accordance with the data given in their original descriptions. One recovered individual from a small bark sample characterized by its short body length was sequenced for its 28S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA loci, and the results of BLAST search using the newly obtained partial sequences revealed that it belonged to O. tipulae. Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed recently sequenced Iranian populations of O. onirici and O. tipulae forming a clade with other isolates/populations of these species in ITS tree with maximal Bayesian posterior probability (BPP), and presently sequenced isolates of O. tipulae and O. necromenus form a clade with other isolates of these species in 28S tree. The two species O. onirici and O. necromenus were reported in Iran for the first time.
The effect of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese and magnesium on entomopathogenic nematodes S. feltiae was tested under laboratory conditions. The mortality of nematode invasive larvae, their pathogenicity expressed as test insect G. mellonella mortality and reproduction from the test insect bodies were investigated. It was revealed that cadmium, copper, lead and zinc affected an increase of S. feltiae nematode invasive larvae mortality, decreased their pathogenicity for test insects and reproduction. Manganese in 400 mg·dm-3 Mn (II) concentration positively affected entomopahogenic nematode S.feltiae during their storage causing decreased mortality, improved pathogenicity and reproduction from insect bodies in comparison to distilled water.
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