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The development of the pericarp and its taxonomic value were studied in Potamogeton lucens, P. pusillus, P. crispus, P. pectinatus. The fruitlet of Potamogeton is drupaceous. Anatomical study and image analysis of developmental stages in the pericarps confirmed differences between species. The different degrees of pericarp sclerification, different positions of lignified cells in the pericarp, and numbers and types of pericarp layers have great diagnostic value. The vascular system of the Potamogeton flower and fruitlet, and the centrifugal direction of pericarp sclerification, do not have taxonomic significance within the genus Potamogeton. There are no significant differences in cell and layer size in Potamogeton fruitlets between the four species studied.
The paper presents results of geobotanic studies conducted in anthropogenic water bodies like excavation ponds, fish culture ponds, other ponds, dam reservoirs, ditches, channels and recreational pools incl. watering places in Opole Silesia and surroundings in the years 2002-2005. The research focused on occurrence of threatened and rare pondweed communities. As the result of the investigations of several dozen of water bodies, 28 localities of rare pondweed communities were documented by 75 phytosociological relevés. Associations of Potametum trichoidis J. et R Tx. in R. Tx. 1965, Potametum praelongi Sauer 1937, P. alpini Br.-Bl. 1949, P. acutifolii Segal 1961, P. obtusifolii (Carst. 1954) Segal 1965 and P. perfoliati W. Koch 1926 em. Pass. 1964 were found as well as communities formed by Potamogeton berchtoldii, P. nodosus and P. pusillus. The study confirms that anthropogenic reservoirs could serve as last refugees for many threatened pondweed communities, which decline or even extinct in their natural habitats. The results indicate that man-made habitats could shift the range limits of threatened species and support their dispersal. The authors conclude that habitats strongly transformed by man are important factors in the natural syntaxonomical diversity protection and should not be omitted in strategies of nature conservation.
Potamogeton ×subrufus Hagstr. was described as a hybrid between P. lucens L. and P. nodosus Poir.; however, the taxon had not been widely accepted and regarded as conspecific with P. ×fluitans Roth, the hybrid between P. lucens and P. natans L. The origin of P. ×subrufus had been obscured till 2010, when, based on morpho-anatomical treatment, it was shown that P. ×subrufus displays several characters consistently different from those of P. ×fluitans. Here we report a successful amplification and sequencing of nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region from a 115 year-old herbarium specimen of P. ×subrufus, collected in locus classicus by J. Baagöe and preserved in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University (KRA). Based on the additive polymorphism pattern expressed in the ITS1 sequences of P. ×subrufus, we demonstrate that one of the parents of this hybrid was P. nodosus, as was claimed by Hagström.
This study presents distribution and abundance of three Potamogeton species, namely Potamogeton crispus, P. nodosus and P. pectinatus along environmental gradients in the lowland river Wełna (NW Poland). The relationships between 13 environmental factors and the pattern aquatic vegetation distribution along river were investigated. Among ecological factors rarely undertaken in aquatic ecology the light climate was concerned. It is postulated that the Potamogeton communities in the investigated river are strongly connected with water velocity, substrate of bottom and light conditions, in particular dissolved organic matter (DOM). Elodeo-Potametum crispi and algae communities with dominant species Hildenbrandia rivularis were well developed in the places shading by trees, with high velocity and fairly clean water, mostly with stony bottom. Potametum nodosi was noted in mean values of velocity and medium water quality with high content of organic matter in the bottom substrate. The last investigated community Sparganio-Potametum interrupti was found in poor water quality with the highest values of electric conductivity. The obtained results give a new approach of the ecology and abiotic typology of rivers with macrophytes including abundance of Potamogeton species (Nature 2000 habitat, code 3260 – “Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fl uitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation”).
The two pondweed taxa, new for the Polish flora, were found in the Drawa River in the Drawieński National Park (north-western Poland). Patches of P. x sparganiifolius started about 400 m below the mouth of the left-bank tributary, the Korytnica River, and ended about 5.5 km further downstream. The population colonized mainly a sandy substrate with varied particle size, moderately deep water, and moderate water flow rate. The patches were very dense and composed nearly exclusively of P. x sparganiifolius. They occurred mainly in the main current of the Drawa, and were up to several dozen metres long. By contrast, P. x nericius was found only in a small creek with stagnant water, at the edge of a patch dominated by P. x sparganiifolius, on a substrate composed of mud and sand, at the depth of 40-60 cm.
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