The present work is a continuation of our research on the content of heavy metals in the soil of allotment gardens located in the area of ód. It presents results of the determination of bioavailable and total iron in the soil collected in two allotment gardens in the city. Iron was determined spectrophotometrically in the form of red-pink complex of Fe(II) and 2,2'-dipyridine. The method of determination recommended by the Polish Standards has been modified by using hydroxylamine instead of glycin to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II).
Nitrite and nitrate residues measured in veterinary laboratories and in the Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute are summarised. Measurements were done according to Polish Standards. Mean nitrate and nitrite concentrations (13380 samples) ranged from 15.0 ± 10.6 to 49.9 ± 71.0 μg/kg, and from 15.5 ± 15.5 to 64.1 ± 38.7 μg/kg, respectively. The residue limit (125 mg/kg) was exceeded in 3.3% of examined samples.
Investigations were carried out at timber storage sites (depots) on large-sized pine (110 pieces) and beech (130 pieces) wood from three forest districts within the territory of the Regional Directorates of the State Forests (RDSF) of Łódź, Lublin and Kraków. As a result of a comparison of both classification systems, it was proved that in the case of pine wood classified according to EU norms, the shares of the number of pieces and volume in classes B and C decreased, whereas they increased in class D when compared with Polish classification. Analogically, in the case of beech wood, a decrease in the share of the number of pieces and volume in classes A, B and D, and an increase in class C were recorded. Among the most common defects that influence the classification of both sorts of wood, open and burl knots as well as curvatures are recognised, while in the case of beech wood, shakes and galls (disease T stains) are encountered. The results of the classification determined differences in the wood value. According to the pricelists for wood standing in forest districts where the raw wood under investigation originated, it was established that the value of the pine wood classified according to the EU norm decreased by ca. 7.6% when compared with the value estimated using the Polish norm. The value of the beech wood was nearly identical in both cases, which was mainly due to the higher share of wood of class C and lower share of class D upon applying the EU standards, in comparison with the Polish classification system.
Introduction. Prenatal physical activity has been increasingly recommended in recent years as the fundamental condition of physiological pregnancy and birth by health promoting organizations throughout the world. Objective. To determine the influence of prenatal physical activity on the course of labour and delivery. The practical purpose was to present prenatal physical activity as an effective tool in the implementation of the new Polish standard for perinatal care. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Reviewed publications report either a positive impact or no impact of physical activity on selected parameters of labour and delivery. The most frequently cited benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy include: shorter delivery, less frequent need for anesthesia, reduced risk of operative births, a lower rate of induction of labor, amniotomy, episiotomy and perineum lacerations, and improved neonatal outcome. Conclusions. A review of the literature shows that regular prenatal physical activity can help reduce medical interventions during labour, without having negative consequences for either the mother or the foetus. It should be an important tool to implement the Polish standard for perinatal care. There is a need to promote regular prenatal physical activity among women, medical personnel, and physical education staff. Detailed instructions for designing prenatal exercise programmes should be included in the new guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy, both in Poland and abroad. To support or negate the hypothesis of the positive effects of physical activity on the course of labour and delivery, well-designed research trials should be conducted with the properly structured prenatal exercise programmes in the intervention groups.
For several years now the Polish Normalisation Committee (PKN) has been angaged in the process of introduction (and implementation) of international standards complying with the Internationsl Standard Organsation (ISO) into the set of of Polish Standards.At present, in the PKN Commission of Soil Physics, a number of such standards are being prepared (translated) -including a very comprehensive standard dealing with partiele size distribution determination in soil material-ISO 11277 [6], Some principles and requirements included in this standard differ significantly from those commonly accepted and widely in use now in numerous pedologie laboratories in Poland [7,8]. Below there are some of the most important differences: (1 ) the requirement to remove organic matter from test samples (using 30% v/v solution of H2O2), (2) the requirement to remove water soluble salts and gypsum (to electrical conductivity 0,4 dS/m), (3) sample dispersion process must be longer than 18 hours. Many other requirements, of relatively lesser importance, in many cases also do not correlate with those commonly accepted in our laboratories.
Zmodyfikowano zawartą w Polskiej Normie metodę spektrofotometryczną oznaczania jodku potasowego w soli. Przeprowadzono walidacją metody określając jej precyzję, dokładność oraz liniowość.