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Polish agriculture, as distinct from the European one, has struggled with the problem of excessive soil acidification for many years. Thus, in times of strong competition on the agricultural market it is important to look for efficient and also cheap methods to ensure an improvement of acidity of Polish soils. The aim of the present study was to determine if the negative effects of acidification were of a durable nature and if these effects could be removed by single applications of relatively small doses of lime. This aim was achieved based on soil material from a long-term fertilizing experiment situated in Łyczyn, central Poland. This experiment comprises of fertilizing treatments constituting all combinations of basic nutrients used in fertilization N, P, K, Ca in only mineral fertilization system and in the system of mineral fertilization with farmyard manure (FYM). The experiment was carried out on the grey-brown podzolic soil. The chosen experimental objects were not limed since 1960 and the yields grown on these treatments were very low. As a result of a single liming, significant increase of potato, spring barley and rye yield was observed. The soil pH increase resulted in statistically proven growth of available and active phospohrus, which is evidence of the soil reserve phosphorus activation. The study results indicate that it is very easy to disturb the ion balance of sandy soil and thus reduce its productivity in unstable nutrient management conditions. On the other hand, it is possible to restore the productive value of soil with little financial input.
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Heavy metal pollution of Polish soils

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Sources of heavy metal emission; examples of heavy metal concentrations and distribution in soils; and the consequences of chemical degradation of agricultural land in Poland are disscused in this paper.
Using a sand pouch-plant infection method, populations of several species of root-nodule bacteria (rhizobia) were enumerated in eighty soils collected throughout Poland. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (symbionts of pea, faba bean, vetch) and R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii (symbionts of clover) were detected in 77 and 76 soils, respectively. Most of these soils contained moderate and high numbers of these species of the rhizobia. Symbionts of beans, R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, were assessed in 76 soils; of this number 15 soils had no detectable populations of bean rhizobia and in 40 soils high or moderate numbers of these bacteria were found. Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus), root-nodule bacteria of lupine and serradella, were absent in 19 soils, out of 80 tested, and 34 soils were colonised by high or moderate populations of bradyrhizobia. Sinorhizobium meliloti, rhizobia nodulating alfalfa, were sparse in the examined soils; with 56 soil containing no detectable numbers of S. meliloti and only 6 soils harbouring high or moderate populations of this species. The estimated numbers of the rhizobia in the studied soils were also related to some physical and chemical properties of these soils.
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