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Bilingual geography education models through the English language in Polish schools

100%

Byca M.

Prace i Studia Geograficzne

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2011

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tom 48

The history of bilingual education in Poland has its beginning in 1991, when first the French language, and later German, English and Spanish were introduced at schools at secondary level. Geography is one of the most popular subjects taught in bilingual system. In Polish schools we can observe different approaches towards bilingual education at secondary level. They are usually connected with several criteria, according to which schools in Poland organize bilingual classes. One of the most common criteria of organizing this kind of teaching is the syllabus (Polish or international) and the proportion of native and foreign languages used during lessons (usually given in percentages). Bilingual education nowadays is without doubt one of the attempts to adjust curricula to contemporary educational standards existing in Europe. A justification for encouraging bilingual approach in teaching is connected with the European Union directive, according to which all secondary school graduates should speak two foreign languages fluently. Such an idea of contemporary bilingual education is formulated in CLIL Programme (Content and Language Integrated Learning), which promotes full integration of the geography content and language learning. This is based on an assumption that during bilingual geography lessons one of the teaching goals is to practice and develop language skills, which geography teachers seem to forget. This article is an attempt to classify Polish bilingual geography education models and indicate their weaknesses and strengths.

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History of Polish gastrointestinal surgery

75%

Popiela T., Legutko J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2003

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tom 54

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nr 3

193-203

Surgery is the oldest discipline of medicine. The first Poland's University Chair of Surgery was established in the 18th century. Surgery that had been until then the domain of barbers became a clinical discipline. In the 19th century Polish surgeons were actively involved in the development of gastrointestinal surgery. Most famous among them, J. Mikulicz Radecki and L. Rydygier. They invented novel surgical techniques used for the treatment of many diseases. Their achievements contributed to creating Polish school of surgery, that was further developed throughout the 20th century. The progress in gastrointestinal surgery has been continued in the 21st century in spite of existing economic barriers.

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Effect of physical education studies on selected aspects of preparation of university students for implementation of health education in Polish schools

63%

Stera T., Woitas-Slubowska D.

Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

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2010

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tom 17

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nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

1 Prace i Studia Geograficzne

1 Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism

1 Byca M.

1 Legutko J.

1 Popiela T.

1 Stera T.

1 Woitas-Slubowska D.

1 2011

1 2010

1 2003

Bilingual geography education models through the English language in Polish schools

History of Polish gastrointestinal surgery

Effect of physical education studies on selected aspects of preparation of university students for implementation of health education in Polish schools