In 1990-1991 the total annual input of investigated ions (Ca²+, Mg²+, K+, Na+, NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, S04²-, PO4³-) with rainfall amounted to 16.0-18.7 g m-² y-1 (a high percentage of sulphate ions in Kraków, and magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium ions at Polanka Haller). The input of sulphur (1.98-3.35 g m-2 y-1) was high in comparison with that noted in western and northern Europe. The input of nitrogen (0.44-0.58 g m-2 y-1) was relatively small. The reaction of precipitations was not acid (pH value on average 6.3) owing to the neutralising effect of alkali metals. The sum of ions in throughfall under oaks and beeches was on average nearly double, and under spruces 3-5 times as great as in rainfall.
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