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Pneumocystis carinii w swietle najnowszych badan

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A brief history of studies on Pneumocystis carinii was presented with particular reference to the investigations which had revealed its fungal nature, host specificity, and antigenic variation in the major surface glycoprotein. Furthermore, the problem of hitherto unknown reinfection with P. carinii as opposed to reactivation of latent infection was discussed.
The frequency of Pneumocystis carinii occurrence in BAL of 38 HIV-infected patients was determined with three different method. BAL sediments were stained with Giemsa method, silvered according to Gomori-Grocott method and studied with indirect immunofluorescence assay. Using Giemsa method staining Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 81,6% of patients, in Gomori-Grocott method - in 31,6% of patients, but results of indirect immunofluorescence assay were positive only in 23,7%. In our study staining BAL sediments with Giemsa method allowed to detect Pneumocystis carinii in the highest percentage of examined patients.
A new data from investigations on Pneumocystis carinii were presented as well as an application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia.
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Konferencja nt. pneumocystodozy

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The studies were undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of a nested PCR assay in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. To achieve the end, 51 excretions samples from the respiratory traci were collected from HIV-infected patients with respiratory symptoms, and examined for the presence of specific DNA. A portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rRNA gene of Pneumocystis carinii was amplified with outer primers pair pAZ 102E, pAZ 102H and internal primers pAZ 102X, pAZ 102Y. Positive nested PCR results were obtained with 36 out of 51 examined samples. Some 52.8% of the positive results were obtained with samples collected from patients without clinical diagnosis of PCP. It was concluded, that the nested PCR method, being too sensitive, is not suitable for the routine diagnosis of PCP in AIDS patients.
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On the basis of literature data a review is given of some current problems associated with protozoan parasites. These are: occurrence of sexual process in trypanosomes, biology and taxonomy of Cryptosporidium with remarks on the grounds of coccidian system, incidence and life cycle of Pneumocystis carinii, new findings in the biology of Myxosporidia, the problem of Myxosoma cerebralis - Triactinomyxon, the phenomenon of endogeny in the development of myxosporidian plasmodia, alternative ways in the life cycle of Microsporidia. Changes in the "great systematics" of Protozoa - formation of the kingdom Protista and its implications for protoparasitology are also considered.
Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii DNA aod anti-Pneumocystis antibodies in sera of infants at the age of humoral response natural degradation. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and indirect immunofluorescent test (IF) were used for examination of serum samples obtained from infants with respiratory tract infections. Sixty (11,9%) out of the 503 examined infant samples were positive for anti-P. carinii IgM and 354 (70,4%) contained anti-Pneumocystis IgG. P. carinii DNA was found in 6 (6,7%) sera from 90 of infected infants. Five out these 6 samples were for anti-Pneumocystis antibodies positive; 4 contained both IgG and IgM classes and one bad only IgG. The sixth sample had neither IgG nor IgM, despite of P. carinii DNA presence. The results of the studies indicated that for diagnosis Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in infants on serum specimens detection of antibodies by IF test is of greater value than Pneumocystis DNA amplification by PCR method.
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Inwazje pasozytnicze w Aids

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A nested PCR which amplified a part of the mitochondrial gene encoding the large subunit of rRNA of Pneumocystis carinii was used to detect P. carinii DNA in sera obtained from HIV-infected patients and immunosuppressed rats. P. carinii DNA was found in sera from nearly 52% of rats between 6th and 9th week of immunosuppressive treatment and in 12 serum samples out of 51 collected from HIV-infected patients, including 4 from clinically suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of PCP. The results of the studies indicated that DNA of P. carinii is most likely to appear in the blood in the advanced infection, however, the test for serum DNA may be of little value for the diagnosis of PCP since negative results do not exclude active infections and positive ones may be encountered in asymptomatic carriers.
Pneumocystosis (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) is a parasitic disease which in Lithuania used to be diagnosed only with the use of pathohistological methods. The aim of our study was to determine prevalence of P. carinii antibodies among children and women, using immunochemical method (ELISA) and to find out which groups of patients have higher antibody titres. We also addressed the question of infection with P. carinii among rodents. After investigating 9 species of rodents it was found that mostly infected is brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) - 42.9% of them were found infected. The least infected was bank vole (Clethrionomys glareous)- 5.9. %. The brown rat lives on hatch of domestic birds, rabbits or drinks eggs, while rodents in nature live on insects, molluscs, amphibians etc. European water voles (Arvicola terrestris) and field voles (Microtus arvalis) are vegetable feeders. Our data shows that those species of rodents were not infected with pneumocysts.
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