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Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) samples kept under argon were decontaminated for 30 min at temperature 60, 80 and 100°C and ultra high pressure (UHP) of 1000 MPa at 60, 80, 100 and 140°C. Changes in the essential oil and piperine content as well as changes in volatile constituents by means of GC and GC-MS were studied. The essential oil content decreased significantly in all treated samples, the losses increased with temperature. Samples subjected to combined high-pressure-heat treatment contained slightly less (5.9-8.3%) essential oil than samples treated only with heat at the same temperature. Piperine content decreased significantly (ca. 20%) only in samples pressurised at 100 and 140°C. Volatiles composition changed after all kind of treatment. Decrease of most of the monoterpenes, minor decrease of sesquiterpenes and increase of α- and γ-terpinen and 1-terpinen-4-ol were observed. High pressure intensified changes in the volatiles composition.
A experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different plant derivatives against the development of the green gram pest Callosobruchus chinensis (L). fed on green gram seeds Vigna radiate for one month period. The leaf extracts of lemon (Citrus lemon), mint (Mentha arvensis) and black pepper seed (Piper nigram) powders were evaluated for their growth, adult mortality and oviposition inhibition of Callosobruhus chinensis. The results revealed that the extracts of all the three plant products caused a considerable reduction in the number of bruchids. Among the treatments Piper nigram were found to be effective in destroying the pest.
Extracts of dried leaves of dill (Anethum graveolens) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum), black pepper fruits (Piper nigrum), and black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) under and after simulat­ed digestion were investigated for their antiradical activity, iron chelation, iron reduction and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The changes of total phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, quercetin and kaempferol content were also measured. In vitro digestion caused significant increase of total phenolics content in all samples, except black pepper fruits extract. All samples showed low ability to scavenge DPPH radicals (below 18%). The highest activity was observed for parsley leaves extract, and the lowest in the case of black pepper fruits extract. Hydrolyzed extracts from black cumin seeds, parsley and dill leaves showed significantly better iron chelating capacity then non-hydrolyzed samples. After digestion this activity increased in all samples, except black pepper fruits extract. The highest ability to inhibition of lipid peroxidation was obtained for hydrolyzed black cumin seeds samples. Activity of all samples increased after digestion.
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