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Siberian yellow pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour.) has increasingly appeared in the merchant offers on the market of raw wood materials in Poland. However, the knowledge of the technical characteristics of its wood is still insufficient for it is based primarily on the data and experiences from abroad, often from the literature of the former USSR. The main aim of this study was to determine selected physical and mechanical properties of Siberian yellow pine wood such as linear and volumetric shrinkage, compressive strength along the fibers, the tensile strength along the fibers, the tensile strength across the fibers, static bending and modulus of elasticity, flexural dynamic and impact strength, hardness, resistance to splitting and cleavage amd shear strength. Futhermore, the resistance to decay caused by Coniophora puteana (Schum., Fr.) Karst., as well as the examination of the wood structure, assessing the dimensions and arrangement of the structural elements in particular were conducted. The results show that Siberian yellow pine wood has a number of similarities to Scots pine wood in terms of the structure. The wood is very light, with a density of 391 kg/m³ and very soft (Janka hardness on transverse cross section 23 MPa). The mechanical properties of Siberian yellow pine wood are closely related to its density and much lower when compared with Scots pine. Shear strength equalled to 67 MPa, static bending strength – 65 MPa and compression strength along the fibers – 49 MPa. The durability to brown rot fungus of Siberian pine wood is comparable to Scots pine (3rd class according to PN−EN 350−2:2000).
Mutational witches’ brooms (WBs) in conifers are widely used in landscaping. However, there have been few WB morphology and anatomy investigations. The needle structure of witches’ brooms and normal crown (NC) in Pinus sibirica clones was studied, using light microscopy technique. The aim was to compare the needle structure in WBs and NC and to reveal the effects of the mutation on the needle traits. Three WB and NC pairs of clones from the same trees were used in the study. WBs in the parental trees were characterized by different density in the affected part of the tree. In all pairs, WB needles were shorter and thinner than in NC. In contrast to NC needles, WB needle length was positively correlated with resin duct total area and width of endodermis cell. Thus, the affected needles had a changed structure, and the effect of the mutation was determined by mutation expression.
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