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1

Quantifying phyllostomid bats at different taxonomic levels as ecological indicators in a disturbed tropical forest

100%
Castro-Luna A. A., Sosa V. J., Castillo-Campos G.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2007
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tom 09
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nr 1
With the aim of quantitatively evaluating the usefulness of phyllostomid bats as ecological indicators, we compared intra-family levels and feeding guilds between tropical old-growth forest and patches of secondary vegetation growing where the land had been used for shifting agriculture. There were significant differences between vegetation types in bat species composition, with the frugivore guild most abundant in secondary vegetation and the animalivore guild most abundant in the old-growth forest. These results are congruent with the findings for other Neotropical zones and appear to be associated with the type of soil management that allows secondary vegetation to grow. Using the Indicator Value method, two subfamilies, five genera and five species were found to have a significant indicator value. However, these numbers only represent a small proportion of the five subfamilies, 20 genera and 28 species recorded, indicating that under the disturbance conditions that characterize the study area, phyllostomid bats were poor ecological indicators. Even so, some species and subfamilies are useful as disturbance detectors.
2

Systematic review of small fruit-eating bats (Artibeus) from the Guianas, and a re-evaluation of A. glaucus bogotensis

84%
Lim B. K., Engstrom M. D., Patton J. C., Bickham J. W.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2008
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tom 10
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nr 2
We studied molecular and morphological variation in small fruit-eating bats (Artibeus) in northern South America to establish species boundaries, evolutionary relationships, and distributional limits. Although this is a speciose genus with some of the most common bats in Neotropical forests, resolution of taxonomy and their identification has been difficult. Our molecular phylogeny based on Bayesian and parsimony analyses of cytochrome b variation includes a well supported topology of A. glaucus glaucus sister to a clade of A. gnomus and A. glaucus bogotensis indicating that A. glaucus is a paraphyletic amalgam. A re-assessment of morphology corroborates differences between A. g. bogotensis from the Andean valleys of Colombia east into the Guianas and A. g. glaucus from western Amazonia. Thus, we recognize A. bogotensis and A. glaucus as distinct and allopatrically occurring species. Based on a Kimura-2 parameter model of substitution for cytochrome b, there was 1.2% sequence divergence within A. bogotensis, and 9.5% sequence divergence between A. bogotensis and A. glaucus. Compared to A. glaucus, A. bogotensis has prominent white facial stripes, a less hirsute interfemoral membrane, less robust orbitorostral region, and also lacks a small third lower molar. Within the Guiana region, there are three species with overlapping distributions (A. bogotensis, A. cinereus, and A. gnomus), however, they are sympatric only within the interior lowland forest near savannas. All other habitats including coastal forest, lowland forest, savanna, and highland forest have only two sympatric species, one of which is relatively more abundant (> 70%)
3

Taxonomic history of the genus Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with insights into the challenges of morphological species delimitation

84%
Jarrin-V P., Kunz T. H.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2008
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tom 10
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nr 2
A surge in new species descriptions must be accompanied by an equal amount of healthy skepticism. Herein, we critique the current approach to species delimitation for the genus Anoura and assess the methodology used in these studies. It is not uncommon for studies committed to the delimitation of species to incur in a mismatch between their underlying epistemological perspective and the nature of species as real entities or ontological individuals. This is the reason why these studies must capitalize on the statistical paradigm to ascertain the degree of vagueness upon their particular approximation to real or purportedly real species. It is common for species to have fuzzy boundaries and numerous sources of variation. Furthermore, as multi-organismal entities, species deserve a more cautious action to their delimitation than purely verbal descriptions from the point of view of a single observer. We highlight the need for quantifiable methods that provide clear perspectives on the magnitude of overlap and variability within and among species. We argue that the delimitation of complex entities as evolutionary species must be framed under the paradigm of hypothesis testing and measurable and concrete estimates of character states. Quantitative hypothesis testing should be a requirement for the practice of systematics, taxonomy and species delimitation. Species are not mind constructs but complex ontological individuals awaiting discovery by means of precise statements of uncertainty.
4

Parasitism of ectoparasitic flies on bats in the Northern Brazilian cerrado

84%
Santos C. L. C., Pereira A. C. N., Bastos V. J. C., Graciolli G., Rebelo J. M. M.
Acta Parasitologica
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2013
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tom 58
|
nr 2
In this work we record the highest number of bat flies species among those already performed in the Brazilian cerrado and discuss the associations and patterns of parasitism of these species and their hosts. A total of 1,390 ectoparasitic flies were collected, belonging to 24 species of Streblidae and one of Nycteribiidae, parasitizing 227 bats of 15 species. Among the species found, the presence of Trichobius sp. on Lonchophylla mordax and the first occurrence of Hershkovitzia sp. on Thyroptera devivoi are highlighted. Lophostoma species presented the highest proportion of individuals with infracommunities and the highest values of parasitological indexes. The high number of bat fly species and hosts, as well as the high values for rates of parasitism and infracommunities, suggests that this area of cerrado has good shelter conditions for these species. The abundance of species and high rates of parasitism detracts from the hypothesis that a higher mean intensity of ectoparasites results from lower competition among flies for hosts in areas with lower ectoparasite species richness. Biogeographical and historical factors of host populations, besides the number of host species and individuals sampled, may contribute to species number and intensity of parasitism.
5

Mistakes in the formation of species-group names for Neotropical bats: Micronycteris and Sturnira (Phyllostomidae)

84%
Solari S.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2008
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tom 10
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nr 2
6

Use of leaves as roosts by the Gervais's fruit-eating bat, Artibeus cinereus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) and proposed modifiability index

84%
Machado D. A., Merida M. S., Munoz-Romo M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2008
|
tom 10
|
nr 1
7

Echolocation calls of the bats of Trinidad, West Indies: is guild membership reflected in echolocation signal design?

67%
Pio D. V., Clarke F. M., Mackie I., Racey P. A.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2010
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
Time-expanded echolocation calls were recorded from 29 species of Neotropical bats in lowland moist tropical forest in Trinidad, West Indies with three aims: (1) to describe the echolocation calls of the members of a diverse Neotropical bat community, especially members of the family Phyllostomidae, whose calls are not well documented (2) to investigate whether multivariate analysis of calls allows species and foraging guilds to be identified and (3) to evaluate the use of bat detectors in surveying the phyllostomids of Neotropical forests. The calls of 12 species of the family Phyllostomidae are described here for the first time and a total of 29 species, belonging to five families (Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae) were recorded. Quadratic discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to obtain classification rates for each one of 11 individual species and for six guilds (based on diet, foraging mode and habitat) comprising 26 species. Overall classification rates were low compared to similar studies conducted in the Palaeotropics. We suggest that this may be due to a combination of ecological plasticity for certain species and a loose relationship between echolocation call shape, fine-grained resource partitioning and resource acquisition in phyllostomids.
8

Roosting requirements of white tent-making bat Ectophylla alba (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

67%
Rodriguez-Herrera B., Medellin R. A., Gamba-Rios M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2008
|
tom 10
|
nr 1
Roosting ecology and its correlates are among the major forces driving the evolution of bats. However, roost ecology remains one of the most poorly understood topics on the basic biology of bats. Ectophylla alba is endemic to Central America with a very small distribution. This species generally modifies leaves of a certain size within the genus Heliconia. Here we explore this species' habitat preferences for the construction of its roosts. We identified three variables as the requirements of a suitable tent-building habitat: canopy coverage, understory coverage between 0–1 m of height, and density of Heliconia. Our results show that the process of habitat selection for roost construction is highly specialized to an intermediate stage of secondary succession, which in turn, makes Ectophylla even more vulnerable to extinction than previously believed.
9

Chiroptera (Mammalia) from the Holocene of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

59%
Hadler P., Ferigolo J., Ribeiro A. M.
Acta Chiropterologica
|
2010
|
tom 12
|
nr 1
The Chiroptera do not have an extensive fossil record. To date, for the Quaternary of Brazil, only material from Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Bahia and Goiás States are known. For Rio Grande do Sul State, in contrast to the studies about the Pleistocene megafauna, little is known about Holocene small mammals, this being the first contribution about the Chiroptera of this age found in Rio Grande do Sul. The material was excavated from two archaeological sites, dating from ± 9,400 yrs BP to ± 4,250 yrs BP. The taxa recorded were: Chrotopterus auritus, Pygoderma bilabiatum (Phyllostomidae); Eptesicus brasiliensis, E. fuscus, Myotis cf. Myotis ruber, Vespertilionidae aff. Lasiurus (Vespertilionidae); Tadarida brasiliensis, and Molossus molossus (Molossidae). The presence of E. fuscus extends its Holocene distribution far southwards into the south temperate zone; its previous Quaternary occurrences were in Bahia State, Brazil, as well as in Venezuela, Mexico and the USA.
10
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Carnassiform notches improve the functional efficiency of bat molar shearing crests

59%
Czaplewski N. J., Baker C. G.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
2022
|
tom 67
|
nr 1
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