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Field research was conducted to determine insects occurring on Rumex confertus Willd. The experiments were carried out in 1997, 1998, 1999 and additionally in 2001 from April to late September. The field trials were located in the natural habitat of R. confertus on meadows near Vistula river; in Bydgoszcz (53013'N, 18015'E) and Toruń (5302'N, 18061'E) vicinities. Mossy sorrel was injured by the following pests in order of feeding impact: Mamestra dissimilis Knoch., Rhinoncus pericarpius L., Phyllobius virideaeris Laich., and Phyllobius maculicornis Germ. The losses of R. confertus biomass were recorded throughout the whole growing season until the plants desiccating. Two generations of M. dissimilis in both locations were recorded. In case of R. pericarpius and Phyllobius spp. one generation was observed.
The Polish energy potential development could in future depend on biomass production. The cultivation area of short rotation willow decreased in last years. One of the main reason was the epidemic occurrence of pests and diseases. The aim of this study was to recognize the main pests and pathogens of short rotation willow and to investigate the possibility of control. Field observation of pests and diseases were conducted in 2007–2009 at Field Experimental Station Winna Góra. Plant protection tests were performed in 2008–2009. The predominant pathogen and the most dangerous was recognized as Melampsora epitae, the casual agent of rust. It could caused plant defoliation and decreased biomass yield. An important disease was also anthracnose, caused by Glomerella cingulata. The pathogen caused leaf necroses and shoot death. Fungicide treatment showed high efficacy in the control of pathogens. The treatment also increased the biomass yield. Among pests the most important were Earias chlorana and Phratora vitellinae. Insecticide treatment reduced leaf damage caused by pests.
Based on the years of my own research and observations as well as survey data obtained from hazelnut growers from Lublin region, the current situation of hazelnut cultivation in Poland and in other countries was discussed in this paper. The issue of updating the selection of hazelnut varieties cultivated in Poland as well as the threat of hazelnut plantation by pests in face of the restriction or withdrawal of certain plant protection chemicals was discussed. The attention was paid to the necessity of bringing as up to date activities of members of Hazelnut Growers Associations, as well as state and scientific institutions to activate efforts to concentrate a supply and adapting hazelnut production and seedlings to market conditions, and taking measures to promote the process of their application to facilitate the use of plant protection products in hazelnut cultivation.
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