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Three male specimens of the eyeworm, Oxyspirura chabaudi, were found during the post mortem examination of one individual of Turdus merula L. (Passeriformes). This is the first record of Turdus merula as a host for O. chabaudi.
The test was carried out in the Central Poland, during the autumn migration in years 1997 and 1998, and the object was the Robin Erithacus rubecula. The aim of the study was the verification of the new field method for studying directional preferences in small Passerine migrants, proposed by Busse (1995). In total, 843 Robins were tested in "Busse's cage". Directions preferred by the tested birds were distributed in conformance with wintering areas and migration routes of the species known from literature. Robins with dark legs and grey plumage at flanks pointed at the directions according to the axis Scandinavia — the Balkans, which is in consistence with the literature data. Robins tested at daytime show stronger directionality than those tested at night. Birds tested with the sun visible expressed stronger directionality than those tested under overcast. The Robins tested at day more often pointed at the return direction — to the north and to the north-east. The activity of birds in the experimental cage increased at daytime with the lack of sun visible, and with overcast, and was higher in birds with smaller fat deposit, thus it reflected mainly the normal vital activity not associated with the migration.
Illustrated descriptions of Mosesia pavlovskii, M. sittae and M. microsoma have been presented. These species have been described for the first time in Poland, and two of them - M. sittae and M. microsoma - have not been know in Europe until now. Motacilla flava, Turdus philomelos and T. merula are new hosts of these trematodes. M. sittae has been recognized as an autochthonous species - completing its life cycle in the climatic conditions of Lower Silesia. As for the other two species, the author supposes that their invasion has been connected with the birds' migrations or wintering.
A new quill mite species Neoaulonastus grewlingi sp. nov. parasitizing Australian endemic Falcunculus frontatus (Latham) (Passeriformes: Falcunculidae) is described. This new species differs from N. caligatus Skoracki by the following characters: apunctate pygidial shield and coxal fields I–IV, setae c1 1.4 times longer than d1, and lengths of setae ve 20, si 15–25, se 155–175 and c2 145–155. This is the first record of syringophilid mites from hosts of the family Falcunculidae and first register of Neoaulonastus genus in Australian region.
Cysticercosis is an infection with the larval (cysticercus) stage of Taenia spp. that it is seen as cysts in various human and animal tissues. In this study, pathologic findings of hepatic cysticercosis in a rook (Corvus frugilegus) is described. To our knowledge, there is no report on hepatic cysticercosis in rook and this study shows that rooks may play a role as intermediate hosts in the transmission of parasitic infections.
A new quill mite species Syringophilopsis davidi sp. nov. (Prostigmata, Syringophilidae) parasitizing Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla (Leisler) (Passeriformes, Alaudidae) in Egypt is described. This new species is distinguishable from S. tyranni Bochkov and Galloway by 10–13 chambers of the peritremal lateral branches, setae se located slightly anterior to c1, and by setae ag2 about twice longer than the genital setae. This is the first record of this genus from the hosts of the family Alaudidae and in the Arab Republic of Egypt.
The level of maximum food energy intake or maximal existence metabolism (MPE) is 1.3 times higher in passerines than in non-passerines, which agrees with the ratio of their basal metabolic rates (BMR). The optimal ambient temperature for maximizing productive processes (e.g. reproduction, moult) is lower in passerines than in non-passerines, which allows passerines to have higher production rates at moderate ambient temperatures. This may explain variation in bioenergetic parameters along latitudinal gradients, such as the ecological rule of clutch size (or mass) increase in the northern passerine birds. The increased potential for productive energy output in the north may allow birds to r.ioult faster there, as well. This phenomenon allows passerine birds to occupy habitats of widely fluctuating ambient temperatures in comparison with non- passerine birds of similar size. Passerines have more effective system for maintenance of heat balance at both high and low temperatures. The high metabolism and small body sizes in passerines are consistent with development of omnivory and ecological plasticity. Among large passerines the unfavourable ratio of MPE to BMR should decrease energy available for productive processes. This limits both reproductive output and the development of long migration (especially in Corvus corax).
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