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1

Laying interruption in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

100%
Pinowski J., Barkowska M., Hahm K. H., Lebedeva N.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2001
|
tom 36
|
nr 1
The work was carried out in the villages of the Łomianki commune near Warsaw, Poland (52°20'N, 20°50'E) in 1994 and 1995. From among 315 clutches of Tree Sparrows studied, 20 exhibited one-day interruptions in the laying of first and second broods, while 2 were characterised by two-day interruptions. Amongst third broods, there was just a single one-day interruption noted in each year of the study. Interruptions did not occur immediately prior to the laying of the last egg in a clutch. Only in the case of the first brood in 1995 could a period of cold account for interruptions; in the remaining cases, the phenomenon must have been influenced by non-meteorological factors. The Tree Sparrow resembles the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in having far fewer interruptions to laying than other small hole-nesting birds, such as tits Parus spp. This is probably a reflection of the genus Passer having evolved in dry areas, where the accumulation of body reserves in the female prior to laying is an adaptation reducing the length of the breeding period to match the time associated with the rainy season, when food is abundant.
2
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Wspólna opieka nad lęgiem samicy wróbla Passer domesticus i pary mazurków P. montanus

86%
Krynski K.
Ornis Polonica
|
2016
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
3

Hybrydyzacja pomiedzy wroblem i mazurkiem Passer domesticus x P. montanus

86%
Orlowski G.
Notatki Ornitologiczne
|
2003
|
tom 44
|
nr 3
232-234
4

The effect of egg size on hatching rate in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus [study in Central Poland]

86%
Pinowska B., Barkowska M., Pinowski J., Hahm K. H., Lebedeva N.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2002
|
tom 37
|
nr 1
5

Variation in egg dimensions of the Tree Sparrow [Passer montanus L.] in North-Western Croatia

86%
Dolenec Z., Delic A., Kralj J., Dolenec P.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
A nest-box-breeding population of Tree Sparrow was studied during 2004–2005 in the rural area (in locality Mokrice) in northwestern Croatia. The mean egg length was 18.9 mm, egg breadth – 14.1 mm, egg volume – 1937.8 mm³ and egg shape index – 1.34. No significant correlation between egg volume and clutch size was found (P> 0.05) and there is no significant difference in those parameters between years of study (2004 and 2005) as well as between successive clutches in the given year. The repeatability of egg dimensions (r = 0–1) of females that bred in an area three times a year was estimated. The egg dimensions are highly repeatable r = 0.78, 0.63, 0.72 and 0.75 for length, breadth, volume and shape index, respectively. The results suggest that in Tree Sparrow population one should expect relatively high heritability of egg dimensions.
6

The effect of trends in ambient temperature on egg volume in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

86%
Barkowska M., Pinowski J., Pinowska B.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2003
|
tom 38
|
nr 1
7

The effect of egg size on growth and survival of the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus nestlings

72%
Pinowska B., Barkowska M., Pinowski J., Bartha A., Hahm K.-H., Lebedeva N.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2004
|
tom 39
|
nr 2
The paper analyses the effect of egg dimensions (volume, breadth, and length) on the growth and development of Tree Sparrow nestlings on successive days of life. Egg size did not influence nestling mortality. It was found that for most days of nestling life, the mean volume and breadth of eggs were positively correlated with the mean mass of nestlings in the nest. Similarly, the deviation of the volume and breadth of a particular egg from the mean egg volume and breadth in the clutch was positively correlated with the deviation of nestling mass from the mean nestling mass in the nest. Nestling growth and development in terms of asymptotic mass (g), maximum growth rate (g/day), tarsus length, and longest remex length were also positively correlated with egg size. The effect of egg size was particularly pronounced in the period of termination of intensive growth rate, development of thermoregulation, and feather development. It is possible that larger eggs contain more microelements, hormones, antioxidants, and vitamins.
8

Zagadka znikających wróbli

72%
Marczewski A., Wegrzynowicz A.
Salamandra:Magazyn Przyrodniczy
|
2014
|
nr 2
9

Evaluation of the TOBEC method for calculating fat mass in Tree Sparrows Passer montanus and House Sparrows Passer domesticus

72%
Barkowska M., Pinowska B., Pinowski J., Romanowski J., Hahm K.-H.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2000
|
tom 35
|
nr 2
135-145
10

The impact of urban environments on the growth and histopathological changes of Tree Sparrow [Passer montanus] nestlings

72%
Kaminski P., Matus A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
1998
|
tom 07
|
nr 3
Dependencies of heavy metal concentrations in organs of Tree Sparrow nestlings (Passer montanus), and growth and histopathological changes of these organs in polluted and control (unpolluted) environments of Białystok (53°06' N, 23°10' E; 300,000 inhabitants, NE Poland) were investigated. The highest concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb were found in the liver and kidneys in both environments. Pb concentrations in the polluted areas were highest in the lung and spleen. Comparatively high amounts of Cu and Cd accumulated in pectoral muscles. In all organs the highest concentrations of Fe and lowest of Cd and Pb were found in polluted areas compared with unpolluted ones. Differences of Zn concentrations in nestling organs from both areas were not significant. Concentrations of investigated elements increased during postembryonal development in all organs in both areas. Interactions between Fe and Zn with Cd and Pb were most commonly noticed in the liver, kidneys and lung. Nestlings from the unpolluted areas reached maximum body mass at about the 12th day of their life and biomass gain was more intensive compared with nestlings from the polluted areas, which reached their maximum body mass just before flight from the nests. They grew slower and body mass gain took place until the time of flight from their nests. Differences in the growth and development of nestlings from both areas can be explained by the concentration of toxic heavy metals in the polluted areas. Histopathological changes of nestlings, mainly in their livers, kidneys and lung, were found in both areas. The level of these changes was more intensive in the polluted areas. This state should be connected with the higher concentration of toxic heavy metals in these areas and also with the heredity of diseases causing histopathological abnormalities.
11
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Pchły z gniazd Passer domesticus i Passer montanus

58%
Kaczmarek S.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
|
1991
|
tom 37
|
nr 1
In the years 1986-1988 102 nests of Passer domesticus and 113 nests of P. montanus were collected from Słupsk, Warszawa and its surrounding. Ceratophyllus gallinae was found in 55 nests of P. domesticus and in 74 nests of P. montanus: C. fringillae in 13 nests of P. domesticus. The highest mean number of C. gallinae per nest was recorded in nest of P. domesticus (11,9), lower in nest of P. montanus (5,9). The highest percentage of nests with fleas and the highest mean number of fleas per nest were recorded in September in P. domesticus and in June, July and September in P. montanus. The highest (111) nests to be inhabited by 1- 10 specimens. Number of specimens in nests was not depending on the weight nests.
12

The importance of winter catch crops compared with other farmland habitats to birds wintering in Poland

58%
Golawski A., Kasprzykowski Z., Jobda M., Duer I.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2013
|
tom 61
|
nr 2
The study examined the importance of winter catch crops (intercrops) to wintering birds in a low-intensity farming area of Poland. Birds were counted on two occasions between November 2009 and January 2010 in 514 research plots in two different parts of the country. During the two counts 28 species were recorded. Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella, Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra, Tree Sparrow Passer montanus and Shorelark Eremophila alpestris were the most numerous species. The statistical analysis (GLZ) of the influence of survey, location and habitat types on the occurrence of birds in the farmland did not reflect the significant effect on any variables. Significant differences in densities of birds between the habitats analysed (GLM) were noted. The stubbles supported a relatively greater density of birds than the mustard winter catch crop and ploughed fields. Increasing the area of winter catch crops at the expense of ploughed fields may favour birds, but when winter crops are sown in fields that would otherwise be left as stubble, wintering conditions for birds deteriorate, especially for buntings.
13

Autumn sexual display in Tree Sparrows [Passer montanus L.] as a component of the winter survival strategy

58%
Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Zduniak P., Tryjanowski P., Jerzak L., Romanowski J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
159-169
The evolution of organisms leads to the elimination of behaviors that are costly in terms of energy. One of such behaviors in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus is the autumn display during which these birds construct nests. The purpose of this paper is to find out if this behavior is a part of the strategy for winter survival.The study of Tree Sparrows was conducted near Warsaw, Central Poland. During the breeding season, nest boxes were checked to record the presence of Tree Sparrow nests. Before the autumn display, breeding nests were dyed in order to identify nest material added in the period of autumn display. Nestlings in nest boxes, juveniles, and adults captured in mist-nets were banded with different combinations of color bands to identify their age during visual observations in the period of autumn sexual display. Juveniles and adults caught in mist-nets were classified as molted or not molted birds. In winter, nest boxes were checked to catch the birds roosting in them at night. Autumnal sexual display in Tree Sparrows is similar to the spring display. Both adults and juveniles leave the breeding colony in August and return after molt. They form pairs, copulate and build nests in fall. The autumn display is continued from the first ten days of September to early November. The number of Tree Sparrows participating in the autumn display increases with the percentage of the birds that completed molt in the population. In the first half of September, 16% of the population completed molt, while 99% in mid-October. On the average, adult birds formed pairs on 11 September (SD: 7.7 days), and juveniles on 17 September (SD: 8.0 days). Nest construction was started, on the average, 14.2±8.7 days after pairing. The advance in nest building was dependent on the time of pair formation. Intensive nest building took place in the last 10-days period of September and in October. Early in November, nest building ceased with the onset of cool weather. The last birds to pair did not construct complete autumn nests and in winter they roosted in shrubs or in tree crowns . The building of autumn nest as a consequence of the autumn display, serving as a roosting place in winter, can be a consequence of natural selection promoting this behaviour.
14

Nest construction during autumn display and winter roosting in the Tree Sparrows Passer montanus

58%
Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Chernetsov N., Romanowski J., Sierakowski K.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
185-195
A study of Tree Sparrows was conducted near Warsaw, central Poland. During the breeding season, nest boxes were checked to record the presence of Tree Sparrow nests and broods. Nestlings, juveniles, and adults captured in mist nets were ringed with different combinations of colour rings to identify their age during visual observations in the autumn sexual display period. Before the autumn display, breeding nests were dyed in order to identify nest material added during the autumn display period. In winter, nest boxes were inspected to catch the birds roosting in them at night. The study was conducted in optimal and marginal habitat types. In the optimal habitat during the autumn sexual display, adult birds were much more abundant than in the marginal habitat. During the breeding season, 41% of the nest boxes were occupied in the optimal habitat, compared with 8% in the marginal habitat. The respective figures during the autumn display were 95% and 45%. Autumn nests were built in 83% and 12% of the nest boxes, respectively, and in winter, 35% and 7% of nest boxes, respectively, were used by birds for night-time roosting at night. The autumn display continued from early September to the end of October. For roosting at night in winter (November-March), Tree Sparrows selected nests according to their insulating quality. Most often they roosted in nest boxes containing nests from the breeding season with autumn nests built over them, then, in descending order of frequency, in nest boxes with autumn nests built in empty boxes, in boxes with breeding nests, and in completely empty boxes. Among birds roosting at night and captured on the first survey in winter, 86% were represented by pairs that had built those nests during the autumn display. Young birds that did not build autumn nests typically roosted at night in tree crowns. This implies that the construction of autumn nests is primarily a consequence of the autumn sexual display, and secondarily may be an adaptation for winter survival. The winter survival rate was significantly higher in juvenile Tree Sparrows that were found in nest boxes on winter nights than in those that were not.
15

Gniezdzenie sie wrobla Passer domesticus, mazurka P. montanus i szpaka Sturnus vulgaris w gniazdach bociana bialego Ciconia ciconia

58%
Indykiewicz P.
Notatki Ornitologiczne
|
1998
|
tom 39
|
nr 2
97-104
16

Significance of the breeding season for autumnal nest-site selection by Tree Sparrows Passer montanus

58%
Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Barkowska M., Jerzak L., Zduniak P., Tryjanowski P.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2006
|
tom 41
|
nr 1
17

Legi pary mieszanej: wrobel [Passer domesticus] x mazurek [Passer montanus]

58%
Stepniewski J.
Notatki Ornitologiczne
|
1992
|
tom 33
|
nr 3-4
334
18

Nestbox use and reproductive parameters of Tree Sparrows Passer montanus: are they affected by the presence of old nests?

58%
Garcia-Navas V., Arroyo L., Sanz J. J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
32-42
There is a controversy over the effects of old nest reuse on the breeding biology of hole nesters. Some authors have shown that the presence of old nest material could increase ectoparasite pressure and/or reduce cavity size, whereas others argue that it could facilitate nest-building and serve as an informative cue for breeding birds. However, the possible functions of old nests may not be limited to the reproductive period in burds that perform autumnal courtship or use nest cavities as shelters during the winter season, as is the case with the Tree Sparrow. The importance of the presence of old nest material on nest box choice during the non-breeding period and its implications on the subsequent breeding performance of this multi-brood species are assessed. Occupancy rates and reproductive parameters (such as phenology, clutch size, nestling condition, breeding success) were compared between woodcrete and wooden nest boxes with and without old nest material inside. During the non-breeding period no effect of box type or its content on nest box selection was discovered, but in spring it was found that the strong preference of birds for breeding in woodcrete nest boxes was independent of the presence of old nests. In relation to this latter point, evidence was found that old nest reuse could negatively affect the reproductive output of Tree Sparrows: clutches were laid later, nestlings had longer wings (which presumably fledged earlier) and reproductive success was lower in nest boxes containing old nest material. The results of this study suggest that, taking the non-breeding and breeding seasons as a whole, the accumulation of old nest material seems to be detrimental rather than advantageous to this species.
19

Seasonal changes in numbers of fleas [Siphonaptera] in nests of the house sparrow [Passer domesticus] and tree sparrow [P.montanus] in Warsaw surroundings [Poland]

58%
Cyprich D., Pinowski J., Krumpal M.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2002
|
tom 47
|
nr 1
In the commune of Łomianki near Warsaw, Poland (52°20'N, 20°50 'E), 12 samples of at least 19 nests we collected from wooden nest boxes between 1995-1999. The samples were unevenly distributed among months, but in total they represented each month of the year. In total 386 nests were analysed, including 283 of the tree sparrow (Passer montanus), 30 of the house sparrow (P. domesticus) and 73 nests of the genus Passer, but unidentified species. Using the Tullgren apparatus, 7692 imago fleas of 8 species were extracted from these nests. Only Ceratophyllus gallinae and C. fringillae were sufficiently abundant to analyse changes in their numbers. The number of C. gallinae was about 3.1 times higher than of C. fringillae. The abundance, prevalence and dominance of the two flea species were analysed in the annual cycle. Adult forms of the two flea species were leasl abundant in nests in April. Their numbers increased between May and July, slightly decreased in August and rapidly increased in September and October, reaching the maxima in all the indices, except for the dominance in the community of nest fauna. C. fringillae dominated in March and C. gallinae in September. In the winter months, adult C. gallinae occurred in relatively large numbers. In the nests of tree sparrow, fleas probably produced at least two and possible even three generations.
20

Growth of tree sparrow [Passer montanus] nestlings, heavy metal concentration and histopathological abnormalities of their organs in urban environments

58%
Kaminski P., Matus A.
Biological Bulletin of Poznań. Supplement
|
1996
|
tom 33
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